Role of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Complications of Obesity

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Abate ◽  
Manisha Chandalia
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Role of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavankumar Patel ◽  
Nicola Abate
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
The United States ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Fat Depot ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Burden of obesity has increased significantly in the United States over last few decades. Association of obesity with insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic problems is well established. Traditionally, adipose tissue in visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in development of insulin resistance. However, growing body of the literature has suggested that adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat depot, not only due to larger volume but also due to inherent functional characteristics, can have significant impact on development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal versus gluteofemoral depots. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger vicious cycle of inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and subsequent ectopic fat deposition. It is important to shift focus from fat content to functional heterogeneity in adipose tissue depots to better understand the relative role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolic complications of obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice at any level of increased adiposity. Future pharmaceutical interventions aimed at improving adipose tissue function in various subcutaneous depots have potential to help maintain adequate insulin sensitivity and reduce risk for development of insulin resistance complications.

Inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. E999-E1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Gustafson ◽  
Silvia Gogg ◽  
Shahram Hedjazifar ◽  
Lachmi Jenndahl ◽  
Ann Hammarstedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Preadipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Adipose Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Adipose Cell Size

Obesity is associated mainly with adipose cell enlargement in adult man (hypertrophic obesity), whereas the formation of new fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) predominates in the prepubertal age. Adipose cell size, independent of body mass index, is negatively correlated with whole body insulin sensitivity. Here, we review recent findings linking hypertrophic obesity with inflammation and a dysregulated adipose tissue, including local cellular insulin resistance with reduced IRS-1 and GLUT4 protein content. In addition, the number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue capable of undergoing differentiation to adipose cells is reduced in hypertrophic obesity. This is likely to promote ectopic lipid accumulation, a well-known finding in these individuals and one that promotes insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk. We also review recent results showing that TNFα, but not MCP-1, resistin, or IL-6, completely prevents normal adipogenesis in preadipocytes, activates Wnt signaling, and induces a macrophage-like phenotype in the preadipocytes. In fact, activated preadipocytes, rather than macrophages, may completely account for the increased release of chemokines and cytokines by the adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the impaired preadipocyte differentiation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in hypertrophic obesity is a priority since it may lead to new ways of treating obesity and its associated metabolic complications.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
A.P. Stepanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Interscapular Region

The risk of developing metabolic complications in obesity depends on the topography of excess adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the main source of energy and also performs an endocrine function secreting substances that affect the sensitivity of tissues to insulin. The article describes the characteristics of histological preparations of adipose tissue samples taken from the omentum of middle-aged human cadavers with no confirmed diseases of the digestive system and of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from interscapular region in the human dead foetuses. Microscopy of sections of adipose tissue from the omentum and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the interscapular region of the foetus revealed that it consisted of lobes and microvessels. Lobes of adipose tissue of a human large omentum consist of polygonal white adipocytes containing in their cytoplasm a nucleus displaced to the periphery and a fat drop. The subcutaneous adipose tissue taken from the interscapular region of the foetus consists of brown adipocytes with a nucleus located in the centre of the cytoplasm and surrounded by numerous fat droplets. Brown adipocytes when compared with white adipocyted are smaller and rounded in shape. Brown adipose tissue predominates in women than in men. Brown adipose tissue is not active all the time, but only at low ambient temperatures. In women, brown adipocytes are more saturated with mitochondria than in men. Adipose tissue of a human omentum can be a source of graft implant for restoring abdominal organ defects during extensive surgical operations.

scholarly journals SUN-LB106 The Transcriptomic Evidences on Role of Abdominal Visceral vs. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes in Asian Indian Indicates the Involvement of Both

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Mathur ◽  
Anshul Kumar ◽  
Pradeep tiwari ◽  
aditya Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Statistical Comparison ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Introduction: Asian Indians show “thin fat phenotype” characterized by higher visceral adipose tissue(VAT) and lower subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT) mass and their higher cardio-metabolic risk has been attributed to this fat distribution. However, the underlying molecular pathology and role of these adipose depots in the pathogenesis of T2D in them remains unknown.Hypothesis: The comparison of transcription profiles of abdominal VAT and SAT and their correlation with diabetes related intermediate phenotypic traits could shed some light on their role in the pathophysiology of diabetes.MethodologySubjects: 19 diabetics (M: F ratio, 8:11) and 16 age and BMI matched controls (M: F ratio 5:11) undergoing abdominal surgery (non-malignant and non-infective conditions).Clinical Parameters: Anthropometry, Serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-R, HbA1c, lipid profile, FFA, adipocytokines. Abdominal VAT, SAT and liver fat were estimated by MRI.Adipose tissue biopsy: SAT and VAT samples were taken during surgery. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of these biopsies was performed using Affymetrix GeneChipPrimeView® arrays. The data was submitted to NCBI-GEO (Accession # GSE78721). Selected genes were validated by qPCR. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for functional and Weighted Gene Correlation Analysis (WGCNA) for statistical comparison was done.Results:Diabetics had higher waist circumference (p=0.05), HOMA-R (p=0.0002), Visceral fat content (p=0.02) and adipocyte size (p=0.02)GSEA: diabetics vs. controls: In VAT 16 gene sets were upregulated (FDR < 25%) enriching various immune system and inflammation-related pathways. In SAT too, various inflammatory genes were upregulated however they were statistically non-significant (FDR > 25%). Moreover, 12 out of 16 significantly enriched pathways in VAT were among the top 20 pathways in SAT. GSEA in diabetics: VAT vs SAT: None of the gene sets were found significant at FDR < 25% which substantiated our hypothesis that overall pathophysioloigcal alteration in both depots are similar. WGCNA for statistical comparison of VAT and SAT depots The correlation between measures of average gene expression and overall connectivity between both depots was significantly positive. Several modules of co-expressed genes in both VAT and SAT showed positive as well as negative correlation with various intermediate phenotypic traits of diabetes. In both depots they enriched several pathways otherwise known to be associated with pathological adipose tissue like inflammation, adipogenesis etc. Conclusions In Asian Indians, diabetes pathology inflicts similar molecular alternations in VAT and SAT, which are more intense in the former. The role of both adipose depots in the pathophysiology of diabetes is along similar lines and they enrich several molecular pathways which are otherwise known to be implicated in pathological adipose tissue.

scholarly journals The role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in supporting the copper balance in rats with a chronic deficiency in holo-ceruloplasmin

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. e0175214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Y. Ilyechova ◽  
Nadezhda V. Tsymbalenko ◽  
Ludmila V. Puchkova
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Copper Balance ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals A Role of the Inflammasome in the Low Storage Capacity of the Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Obese Adolescents

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Kursawe ◽  
Vishwa D. Dixit ◽  
Philipp E. Scherer ◽  
Nicola Santoro ◽  
Deepak Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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