An Investigation into the Relationship Between Sleep-Disordered Breathing, the Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Risk Profiles, and Inflammation Between South Asians and Caucasians Residing in the United Kingdom

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emer M. Brady ◽  
Melanie J. Davies ◽  
Andrew P. Hall ◽  
Duncan C.S Talbot ◽  
Joanne L. Dick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep-disordered breathing, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian W Seetho ◽  
John PH Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses a spectrum of conditions that can lead to altered sleep homeostasis. In particular, obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the most common form of SDB and is associated with adverse cardiometabolic manifestations including hypertension, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, ultimately increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The pathophysiological basis of these associations may relate to repeated intermittent hypoxia and fragmented sleep episodes that characterize OSA which drive further mechanisms with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences. The associations of OSA with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been described in studies ranging from epidemiological and observational studies to controlled trials investigating the effects of OSA therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). In recent years, there have been rising prevalence rates of diabetes and obesity worldwide. Given the established links between SDB (in particular OSA) with both conditions, understanding the potential influence of OSA on the components of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes and the underlying mechanisms by which such interactions may contribute to metabolic dysregulation are important in order to effectively and holistically manage patients with SDB, type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome. In this article, we review the literature describing the associations, the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and the effects of interventions including CPAP treatment and weight loss.

Sleep-Disordered Breathing and the Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Verhulst ◽  
N. Schrauwen ◽  
D. Haentjens ◽  
R.P. Rooman ◽  
L. Van Gaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disordered Breathing

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Volumetric Plaque Components and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and the Metabolic Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingri Zheng ◽  
So-Yeon Choi ◽  
Seung-Jea Tahk ◽  
Hong-Seok Lim ◽  
Hyoung-Mo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals South Asian diets and insulin resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Misra ◽  
Lokesh Khurana ◽  
Sumit Isharwal ◽  
Swati Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Asian Indians ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
High Intake ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

A role of dietary nutrients in relation to insulin resistance has been suggested but conclusive evidence in human beings is lacking. Asian Indians and South Asians are prone to develop insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. In the present paper, data pertaining to nutrient intake, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians and South Asians have been reviewed. In these populations, several dietary imbalances have been reported: low intake of MUFA, n-3 PUFA and fibre, and high intake of fats, saturated fats, carbohydrates and trans-fatty acids (mostly related to the widespread use of Vanaspati, a hydrogenated oil). Some data suggest that these nutrient imbalances are associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and subclinical inflammation in South Asians. Specifically, in children and young individuals, a high intake of n-6 PUFA is correlated with fasting hyperinsulinaemia, and in adults, high-carbohydrate meal consumption was reported to cause hyperinsulinaemia, postprandial hyperglycaemia and hypertriacylglycerolaemia. Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA leads to an improved lipid profile but not insulin sensitivity. Inadequate maternal nutrition in pregnancy, low birth weight and childhood ‘catch-up’ obesity may be important for the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Even in rural populations, who usually consume traditional frugal diets, there is an increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the metabolic syndrome due to changes in diets and lifestyle. Nationwide community intervention programmes aimed at creating awareness about the consequences of unhealthy food choices and replacing them by healthy food choices are urgently needed in urban and rural populations in India, other countries in South Asia and in migrant South Asians.

Cardiovascular Risk Assessement in Osteoporotic Patients Using Osteoprotegerin as a Reliable Predictive Biochemical Marker

2018 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Noora Wael Rasheed ◽  
Ooroba Jameel Taresh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

       Some studies indicated a relationship between increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin with arterial calcification and as a result, it leads to the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our study group we selected patients with osteoporosis, with similar age and body mass index for the assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoprotegerin serum level. We took into account the analysis of correlation and association between the presence of distinct patterns of atherosclerosis and associated diseases like high blood pressure,  diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, increased LDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides and was the case of presence of any type of dyslipidemia, in case of pre-existent treatment. Objective of study was the assessment of osteoprotegerin value as predictive marker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk in osteoporotic patients. Our results showed significant correlations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and biochemical markers of bone with glucose metabolism and lipid were found in our research, maintaining crosstalk between calcium and biochemical markers of bone and cardiovascular risk. The serum level of Osteoprotegerin has been shown to have a large predictive value for the metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk standard in patients with osteoporosis. The osteoprotegerin serum levels were increased in the patients with metabolic syndrome as a protective response facing the atherosclerotic lesions.

scholarly journals Insurance related problems in bareboat charter agreements

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albano Gilabert Gascón
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Insurance Contract ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The One ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn 2017, the majority of the United Kingdom Supreme Court held in its judgment in the Gard Marine and Energy v China National Chartering (The Ocean Victory) case that, in bareboat charters under the ‘BARECON 89’ form, if both the owner and the charterer are jointly insured under a hull policy, the damages caused to the vessel by the charterer cannot be claimed by the insurer by way of subrogation after indemnifying the owner. The interpretation of the charter party leads to the conclusion that the liability between the parties is excluded. Faced with the Supreme Court’s decision, the Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) adopted a new standard bareboat charter agreement only a few months later, the ‘BARECON 2017’ form, which amends, among other clauses, the one related to insurance. The present paper analyses (i) the new wording of the clause mentioned above and (ii) its incidence on the relationship between the parties of both the charter agreement and the insurance contract and its consequences for possible third parties. Despite BIMCO’s attempt to change the solution adopted by the Supreme Court and his willingness to allow the insurer to claim in subrogation against the person who causes the loss, the consequences, as it will be seen, do not differ much in practice when the wrongdoer is the co-insured charterer. On the contrary, when the loss is caused by a time charter or a sub-charter, in principle, there will be no impediment for the insurer to sue him.

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