scholarly journals Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Perspectives of Human and Animal Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed O. Ahmed ◽  
Keith E. Baptiste
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

scholarly journals New Gram-Positive Agents: the Next Generation of Oxazolidinones and Lipoglycopeptides

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2225-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Crotty ◽  
Tamara Krekel ◽  
Carey-Ann D. Burnham ◽  
David J. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
The U.S

The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), has reached a critical state. Tedizolid phosphate, dalbavancin, and oritavancin have recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and represent the next generation of oxazolidinones and lipoglycopeptides. All three agents exhibitin vitroactivity and clinical efficacy against MRSA. Tedizolid phosphate and oritavancin demonstratein vitroactivity against VRE. These new Gram-positive agents are reviewed here.

Characterization of fecal vancomycin-resistant enterococci with acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms in wild animals, Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Lozano ◽  
David Gonzalez-Barrio ◽  
Maria Cruz Camacho ◽  
Jose Francisco Lima-Barbero ◽  
Javier de la Puente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Reality Check: Should We Try to Detect and Isolate Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Patients?

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (02) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Ostrowsky ◽  
James T. Steinberg ◽  
Barry Farr ◽  
Annette H. Sohn ◽  
Ronda L. Sinkowitz-Cochran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance, including vancomycin resistance in enterococci (VRE), is a growing problem in healthcare facilities. This “Reality Check” session focused on the question of whether we should try to detect and isolate patients colonized or infected with VRE.

scholarly journals First Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium in Latvia

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 234-236
Author(s):  
Dace Rudzīte ◽  
Arta Balode ◽  
Uga Dumpis ◽  
Edvīns Miklaševičs
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

First Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium in Latvia Enterococci have become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens in advanced treatment facilities. Though they are not considered as very pathogenic bacteria, their high levels of antimicrobial resistance are the subject of major concern. Particularly epidemiologically important are vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) due to high risk of transmission of vancomycin resistance genes to staphylococci. We describe the first outbreak of VRE in a Latvian multidisciplinary hospital.

New type F lineage-related Tn1546and avanA/vanBtype vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus faeciumisolated from patients in Dammam, Saudi Arabia during 2006–2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. KHAN ◽  
M. SHORMAN ◽  
J. AL-TAWFIQ ◽  
J. P. HAYS
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
New Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYKnowledge regarding vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) from Middle Eastern countries is scarce. We therefore investigated the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genetic relationships of VREEnterococcus faeciumisolates obtained from patients attending the King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, during 2006–2007. The predominant VRE comprised 20vanB, fivevanAand onevanA/vanBtype isolates, which tended to fall into two genetic clusters that were identifiable phenotypically by their susceptibility to tetracycline. Multi-locus sequence typing of a random selection of isolates showed that they were part of clonal cluster 17, showing the importance of this genotype in nosocomial VRE infections in Saudi Arabia. Further analysis showed that four of thevanAgenotype isolates possessed a new type F Tn1546transposon, associated with IS1216Vand IS1251. Finally,E. faecium vanA/Bisolates are rarely reported in the clinical setting including in Saudi Arabia.

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genotypic Characterization of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Meat Preparations

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILIA GUERRERO-RAMOS ◽  
DIANA MOLINA-GONZÁLEZ ◽  
SONIA BLANCO-MORÁN ◽  
GILBERTO IGREJAS ◽  
PATRÍCIA POETA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Moderate Rate ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Minced Meat

ABSTRACT A total of 160 samples of poultry (80), pork (40), and beef (40) preparations (red sausages, white sausages, hamburgers, meatballs, nuggets, minced meat, escalope, and crepes) were tested in northwestern Spain to determine the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). VRE were detected in 38 (23.8%) samples (37.5% of poultry, 15.0% of pork, and 5.0% of beef samples). One strain per food sample was further characterized. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (14 strains), E. durans (10), E. hirae (7), E. gallinarum (5), and E. casseliflavus–E. flavescens (2). All strains showed resistance or intermediate susceptibility to three or more antimicrobials of clinical significance, in addition to vancomycin. High rates of resistance or intermediate susceptibility were observed for teicoplanin (81.6% of isolates), chloramphenicol (81.6%), erythromycin (100%), quinupristin-dalfopristin (89.5%), and ciprofloxacin (81.6%). A moderate rate of resistance or intermediate susceptibility emerged for ampicillin (34.2%) and tetracycline (36.8%). Genes encoding antimicrobial resistance and virulence were studied by PCR. The vanA, vanB, vanC-1, and vanC-2/3 genes were identified in 27, 1, 5, and 2 isolates, respectively. Other resistance genes or transposon sequences found were tet(L), tet(M), Tn5397 (tetracycline), erm(A), erm(B) (erythromycin), vat(D), and vat(E) (quinupristin-dalfopristin). Most isolates were free of virulence determinants (agg, hyl, and efaAfm genes were detected in one, one, and five strains, respectively). Strains were classified as not biofilm producers (crystal violet assay; 4 isolates) or weak biofilm producers (34 isolates). Cluster analysis (EcoRI ribotyping) suggested a strong genetic relationship among isolates from different types of meat preparations, animal species, and retail outlets. Meat preparations might play a role in the spread through the food chain of VRE with several resistance and virulence genes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Turkey Flocks Fed Virginiamycin

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Welton ◽  
L. A. Thal ◽  
M. B. Perri ◽  
S. Donabedian ◽  
J. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT From 125 separate cloacal cultures from three turkey flocks fed virginiamycin, 104 Enterococcus faecium and 186Enterococcus faecalis isolates were obtained. As the turkeys aged, there was a higher percentage of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium isolates, with isolates from the oldest flock being 100% resistant. There were no vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) indicated there were 11 PFGE types of E. faecalis and 7 PFGE types of E. faecium that were in more than one group of flock cultures.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Community-Acquired Enterococci

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Silverman ◽  
L. A. Thal ◽  
M. B. Perri ◽  
G. Bostic ◽  
M. J. Zervos
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Gentamicin Resistance ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
High Level

Fecal samples from 200 consecutive patients admitted to a community hospital yielded 107 enterococci. High-level gentamicin resistance occurred in 10 (14%) of the Enterococcus faecalisisolates. Ampicillin resistance occurred in two (3%) of the E. faecalis isolates and six (23%) of the Enterococcus faecium isolates. There were no vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Risk factors for enterococci with high-level aminoglycoside (gentamicin) or ampicillin resistance included prior hospitalization and previous antibiotic use.

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