Antibiotic Resistance inSalmonellafrom Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Deng ◽  
Yuan Quan ◽  
Shengzhi Yang ◽  
Lijuan Guo ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Animal Origin

scholarly journals Antibiotic Profiling of Heavy Metal Resistant Bacterial Isolates from the Effluent of a Garment Industry in Lalitpur, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sharma ◽  
H.P. Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Garment Industry ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistant ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Heavy metal resistant bacterial isolates from the effluent in a garment industry site were examined to assess their resistance towards multiple antibiotics. Heavy metal resistance property has been found to enhance the antibiotic resistance ability of microorganisms. Isolation of the heavy metal resistant organisms was done in media containing salts of heavy metals. Organisms were identified belonging to the genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Lactobacillus, Aeromonas and Enterococcus. Bacterial isolates were tested for their sensitivity to seven common antibiotics (penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin and cotrimoxazole) using Kirby-Bauer technique. Isolates were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics but all the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin. The data of our study indicates that metal pollution of the environment is the cause of heavy metal resistance isolates and hence antibiotic resistance.Key words: Heavy metal, effluent, antibiotics, resistance, Bacteria, pollution.DOI: 10.3126/on.v7i1.2572Our Nature (2009) 7:203-206  

scholarly journals Coexistence of Heavy Metal and Antibiotic Resistance within a Novel Composite Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome in a Staphylococcus haemolyticus Isolate from Bovine Mastitis Milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 5788-5792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huping Xue ◽  
Zhaowei Wu ◽  
Longping Li ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Yiqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Staphylococcus Haemolyticus ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACTThe structure of a composite staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) carried by a methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus haemolyticus(NW19A) isolated from a bovine milk sample was analyzed. The formation of the circular forms of both single SCC elements and composite SCC elements was detected in NW19A. Twenty heavy metal and antibiotic resistance-related genes coexisted in this composite SCC, suggesting that these genes might be coselected under environmental pressure. Themecgene complex in NW19A, designated type C3, is different from classic C1 or C2 gene complexes structurally and likely evolves differently. Furthermore, results from alignment of the SCC composite island of NW19A with 50 related sequences from different staphylococcal strains provided additional evidence to support the notion that coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the original host of heavy metal resistance genes among staphylococci. Given that a SCC composite island could transfer freely among different staphylococcal species from different hosts, more attention should be paid to contamination with heavy metals and antibiotics in dairy farming environments, including wastewater, soil, feces, and feed.

Occurrence of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Pacific Mackerel at Markets in Zhejiang, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1419
Author(s):  
JIEHONG FANG ◽  
HUI CHENG ◽  
TING YU ◽  
HAN JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pacific Mackerel

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a widespread bacterium in the marine environment and is one of the leading causes of food-derived bacterial poisoning in humans worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, virulence factors, and antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) from different markets in Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. In total, 112 (31.11%) V. parahaemolyticus isolates were identified from 360 Pacific mackerel samples, with an extremely low occurrence of the virulence genes trh (1.79%, 2 of 112) and tdh (0%, 0 of 112). Antibiotic resistance testing revealed that most isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (96.43%, 108 of 112) and streptomycin (90.18%, 101 of 112), whereas all strains were sensitive to kanamycin, florfenicol, cefamandole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, 46.43% (52 of 112) of isolates, which had 12 different phenotypes, were classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the multiple antibiotic resistance index values of isolates were between 0.05 and 0.63, and the maximum multiple antibiotic resistance index was attributed to two isolates that exhibited resistance to 12 antibiotics. Heavy metal resistance patterns were similar among the six different markets. The majority of isolates showed resistance to Cd2+ (78.57%) and Pb2+ (51.79%), and fewer were resistant to Cu2+ (37.50%), Zn2+ (25.00%), Co2+ (9.82%), Ni2+ (6.25%), and Mn2+ (4.46%). No isolates were resistant to Cr3+. In total, 22.32% (25 of 112) of strains were multiheavy metal resistant. Furthermore, multidrug resistance and multiheavy metal resistance were found to be positively correlated in the V. parahaemolyticus strains by using Pearson's correlation analysis (P = 0.008; R = 0.925). This information will contribute to the monitoring of variations in the antibiotic and heavy metal resistance profiles of V. parahaemolyticus strains from seafood and provide insight into the appropriate use of antibiotics and the safe consumption of seafood. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Raza Mustafa ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Xueping He ◽  
Shujuan Chen ◽  
Shuliang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Meat ◽  
Cu Resistance

Metals are widely used in animal feed for their growth-stimulating and antimicrobial effects, yet their use may potentially promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance through co-selection. We studied the prevalence and associations of metal, antibiotic, and disinfectant resistances of 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pig meat, pig manure, chicken meat, poultry manure, and human stool from Sichuan, China. Seventy four percent of the 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were considered resistant to Cu, almost 50% to Zn and Cr, over 25% to Mn and Cd, and almost 10% to Co. Most of the isolates carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene (HMRG). The Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD was carried by 254 isolates and the Cu-resistance genes pcoR and pcoC by 196 and 179 isolates, respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and almost 80% were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of resistance to six antibiotics was higher among the pig meat and manure isolates than among other isolates, and that of streptomycin and ampicillin were highest among the pig meat isolates and that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin among the pig manure isolates. From 55 to 79% of the isolates were considered resistant to disinfectants triclosan, trichloroisocyanuric acid, or benzalkonium chloride. The metal resistances and HMRGs were associated with resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Especially, Cu-resistance genes were associated with resistance to several antibiotics and disinfectants. The transfer of the Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD, Cu-resistance gene pcoC, and Co-Ni-resistance gene cnrA into Escherichia coli and the increased Cu-resistance of the transconjugants implied that the resistance genes were located on conjugative plasmids. Thus, the excessive use of metals and disinfectants as feed additives and in animal care may have the potential to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection and maintain and promote antibiotic resistance even in the absence of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Redefinition and Unification of the SXT/R391 Family of Integrative and Conjugative Elements

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (13) ◽  
pp. e00485-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Bioteau ◽  
Romain Durand ◽  
Vincent Burrus
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrative And Conjugative Elements ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

ABSTRACT Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the SXT/R391 family are key drivers of the spread of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio cholerae, the infectious agent of cholera, and other pathogenic bacteria. The SXT/R391 family of ICEs was defined based on the conservation of a core set of 52 genes and site-specific integration into the 5′ end of the chromosomal gene prfC. Hence, the integrase gene int has been intensively used as a marker to detect SXT/R391 ICEs in clinical isolates. ICEs sharing most core genes but differing by their integration site and integrase gene have been recently reported and excluded from the SXT/R391 family. Here we explored the prevalence and diversity of atypical ICEs in GenBank databases and their relationship with typical SXT/R391 ICEs. We found atypical ICEs in V. cholerae isolates that predate the emergence and expansion of typical SXT/R391 ICEs in the mid-1980s in seventh-pandemic toxigenic V. cholerae strains O1 and O139. Our analyses revealed that while atypical ICEs are not associated with antibiotic resistance genes, they often carry cation efflux pumps, suggesting heavy metal resistance. Atypical ICEs constitute a polyphyletic group likely because of occasional recombination events with typical ICEs. Furthermore, we show that the alternative integration and excision genes of atypical ICEs remain under the control of SetCD, the main activator of the conjugative functions of SXT/R391 ICEs. Together, these observations indicate that substitution of the integration/excision module and change of specificity of integration do not preclude atypical ICEs from inclusion into the SXT/R391 family. IMPORTANCE Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, an acute intestinal infection that remains to this day a world public health threat. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) of the SXT/R391 family have played a major role in spreading antimicrobial resistance in seventh-pandemic V. cholerae but also in several species of Enterobacteriaceae. Most epidemiological surveys use the integrase gene as a marker to screen for SXT/R391 ICEs in clinical or environmental strains. With the recent reports of closely related elements that carry an alternative integrase gene, it became urgent to investigate whether ICEs that have been left out of the family are a liability for the accuracy of such screenings. In this study, based on comparative genomics, we broaden the SXT/R391 family of ICEs to include atypical ICEs that are often associated with heavy metal resistance.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Tolerance Trend in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Strains Recovered from Food Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4718
Author(s):  
Kashaf Junaid ◽  
Hasan Ejaz ◽  
Iram Asim ◽  
Sonia Younas ◽  
Humaira Yasmeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Esbl Producers

This study evaluates bacteriological profiles in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and assesses antibiotic resistance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production by gram-negative bacteria, and heavy metal tolerance. In total, 436 retail food samples were collected and cultured. The isolates were screened for ESBL production and molecular detection of ESBL-encoding genes. Furthermore, all isolates were evaluated for heavy metal tolerance. From 352 culture-positive samples, 406 g-negative bacteria were identified. Raw food samples were more often contaminated than refined food (84.71% vs. 76.32%). The predominant isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 76), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 58), and Escherichia coli (n = 56). Overall, the percentage of ESBL producers was higher in raw food samples, although higher occurrences of ESBL-producing E. coli (p = 0.01) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p = 0.02) were observed in processed food samples. However, the prevalence of ESBL-producing Citrobacter freundii in raw food samples was high (p = 0.03). Among the isolates, 55% were blaCTX-M, 26% were blaSHV, and 19% were blaTEM. Notably, heavy metal resistance was highly prevalent in ESBL producers. These findings demonstrate that retail food samples are exposed to contaminants including antibiotics and heavy metals, endangering consumers.

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