scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated from Animals, Retail Meats, and Humans in the United States and Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
LaShanda M. Glenn ◽  
Rebecca L. Lindsey ◽  
Jason P. Folster ◽  
Gary Pecic ◽  
Patrick Boerlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Retail Meats

scholarly journals Characterization of Multiple-Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Retail Meats

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Chen ◽  
Shaohua Zhao ◽  
David G. White ◽  
Carl M. Schroeder ◽  
Ran Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Retail Meats

ABSTRACT A total of 133 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail meats purchased in the United States and the People's Republic of China were assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes, and horizontal transfer of characterized antimicrobial resistance determinants via conjugation. Seventy-three (82%) of these Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to the following antibiotics was common among the United States isolates: tetracycline (68% of the isolates were resistant), streptomycin (61%), sulfamethoxazole (42%), and ampicillin (29%). Eight Salmonella isolates (6%) were resistant to ceftriaxone. Fourteen isolates (11%) from the People's Republic of China were resistant to nalidixic acid and displayed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. A total of 19 different antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 30 multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates. The bla CMY-2 gene, encoding a class A AmpC β-lactamase, was detected in all 10 Salmonella isolates resistant to extended-spectrum β-lactams. Resistance to ampicillin was most often associated with a TEM-1 family β-lactamase gene. Six aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadA1, aadA2, aacC2, Kn, aph(3)-IIa, and aac(3)-IVa, were commonly present in the Salmonella isolates. Sixteen (54%) of 30 Salmonella isolates tested had integrons ranging in size from 0.75 to 2.7 kb. Conjugation studies demonstrated that there was plasmid-mediated transfer of genes encoding CMY-2 and TEM-1-like β-lactamases. These data indicate that Salmonella isolates recovered from retail raw meats are commonly resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including those used for treating salmonellosis, such as ceftriaxone. Genes conferring antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella are often carried on integrons and plasmids and could be transmitted through conjugation. These mobile DNA elements have likely played an important role in transmission and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants among Salmonella strains.

scholarly journals Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg Sequence Type 14 Strains Resistant to Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and/or Azithromycin, Isolated from Kolkata, India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Rajlakshmi Viswanathan ◽  
Gourab Halder ◽  
Sulagna Basu ◽  
Shanta Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goat Meat ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

We report draft whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg sequence type 14 strains resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and/or azithromycin, which were isolated from neonatal stool and goat meat in Kolkata, India. The genome characteristics, as well as the antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid types, and integrons, are presented in this report.

scholarly journals Genomic Investigation of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates From Dead Chick Embryos in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yanting Tang ◽  
Dawei Shi ◽  
Hazem Ramadan ◽  
Yaohui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Genomic Characterization

Salmonella spp. is recognized as an important zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica poses a great public health concern worldwide. While the knowledge on the incidence and the characterization of different S. enterica serovars causing chick embryo death remains obscure in China. In this study, we obtained 45 S. enterica isolates from 2,139 dead chick embryo samples collected from 28 breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay was performed by the broth microdilution method and the results showed that 31/45 (68.8%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (≥3 antimicrobial classes). Besides the highest resistance rate was observed in the aminoglycoside class, all the isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, azithromycin, and imipenem. Furthermore, genomic characterization revealed that S. Enteritidis (33.33%; 15/45) was a frequent serovar that harbored a higher number of virulence factors compared to other serovars. Importantly, genes encoding β-lactamases were identified in three serovars (Thompson, Enteritidis, and Kottbus), whereas plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrB4) were detected in certain isolates of S. Thompson and the two S. Kottbus isolates. All the examined isolates harbored the typical virulence factors from Salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (SPI-1 and SPI-2). Additionally, a correlation analysis between the antimicrobial resistance genes, phenotype, and plasmids was conducted among Salmonella isolates. It showed strong positive correlations (r < 0.6) between the different antimicrobial-resistant genes belonging to certain antimicrobial classes. Besides, IncF plasmid showed a strong negative correlation (r > −0.6) with IncHI2 and IncHI2A plasmids. Together, our study demonstrated antimicrobial-resistant S. enterica circulating in breeding chicken hatcheries in Henan province, highlighting the advanced approach, by using genomic characterization and statistical analysis, in conducting the routine monitoring of the emerging antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Our findings also proposed that the day-old breeder chicks trading could be one of the potential pathways for the dissemination of multidrug-resistant S. enterica serovars.

scholarly journals Microarray-Based Analysis of IncA/C Plasmid-Associated Genes from Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (19) ◽  
pp. 6991-6999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Lindsey ◽  
Jonathan G. Frye ◽  
Paula J. Fedorka-Cray ◽  
Richard J. Meinersmann
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Photobacterium Damselae

ABSTRACTIn the familyEnterobacteriaceae, plasmids have been classified according to 27 incompatibility (Inc) or replicon types that are based on the inability of different plasmids with the same replication mechanism to coexist in the same cell. Certain replicon types such as IncA/C are associated with multidrug resistance (MDR). We developed a microarray that contains 286 unique 70-mer oligonucleotide probes based on sequences from five IncA/C plasmids: pYR1 (Yersinia ruckeri), pPIP1202 (Yersinia pestis), pP99-018 (Photobacterium damselae), pSN254 (Salmonella entericaserovar Newport), and pP91278 (Photobacterium damselae). DNA from 59Salmonella entericaisolates was hybridized to the microarray and analyzed for the presence or absence of genes. These isolates represented 17 serovars from 14 different animal hosts and from different geographical regions in the United States. Qualitative cluster analysis was performed using CLUSTER 3.0 to group microarray hybridization results. We found that IncA/C plasmids occurred in two lineages distinguished by a major insertion-deletion (indel) region that contains genes encoding mostly hypothetical proteins. The most variable genes were represented by transposon-associated genes as well as four antimicrobial resistance genes (aphA,merP,merA, andaadA). Sixteen mercury resistance genes were identified and highly conserved, suggesting that mercury ion-related exposure is a stronger pressure than anticipated. We used these data to construct a core IncA/C genome and an accessory genome. The results of our studies suggest that the transfer of antimicrobial resistance determinants by transfer of IncA/C plasmids is somewhat less common than exchange within the plasmids orchestrated by transposable elements, such as transposons, integrating and conjugative elements (ICEs), and insertion sequence common regions (ISCRs), and thus pose less opportunity for exchange of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Evolution and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in Salmonella enterica

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Li ◽  
Gregory H. Tyson ◽  
Chih-Hao Hsu ◽  
Lucas Harrison ◽  
Errol Strain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Virulence Plasmids ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Long Read ◽  
High Level

Salmonella enterica is a significant and phylogenetically diverse zoonotic pathogen. To understand its genomic heterogeneity and antimicrobial resistance, we performed long-read sequencing on Salmonella isolated from retail meats and food animals. A collection of 134 multidrug-resistant isolates belonging to 33 serotypes were subjected to PacBio sequencing. One major locus of diversity among these isolates was the presence and orientation of Salmonella pathogenic islands (SPI), which varied across different serotypes but were largely conserved within individual serotypes. We also identified insertion of an IncQ resistance plasmid into the chromosome of fourteen strains of serotype I 4,[5],12:i:– and the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI-1) in five serotypes. The presence of various SPIs, SGI-1 and integrated plasmids contributed significantly to the genomic variability and resulted in chromosomal resistance in 55.2% (74/134) of the study isolates. A total of 93.3% (125/134) of isolates carried at least one plasmid, with isolates carrying up to seven plasmids. We closed 233 plasmid sequences of thirteen replicon types, along with twelve hybrid plasmids. Some associations between Salmonella isolate source, serotype, and plasmid type were seen. For instance, IncX plasmids were more common in serotype Kentucky from retail chicken. Plasmids IncC and IncHI had on average more than five antimicrobial resistance genes, whereas in IncX, it was less than one per plasmid. Overall, 60% of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains that carried >3 AMR genes also carried >3 heavy metal resistance genes, raising the possibility of co-selection of antimicrobial resistance in the presence of heavy metals. We also found nine isolates representing four serotypes that carried virulence plasmids with the spv operon. Together, these data demonstrate the power of long-read sequencing to reveal genomic arrangements and integrated plasmids with a high level of resolution for tracking and comparing resistant strains from different sources. Additionally, the findings from this study will help expand the reference set of closed Salmonella genomes that can be used to improve genome assembly from short-read data commonly used in One Health antimicrobial resistance surveillance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Frequency of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Alyzza Marie B. Calayag ◽  
Kenneth W. Widmer ◽  
Windell L. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hog Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Severe Infections

Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major product in Philippine livestock production. Our results show that both the qnrS and the blaTEM antimicrobial resistance genes were present in 61.2% of the isolates. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of blaTEM and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of blaTEM and blaCTX-M was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MDR isolates belonged to either O:3,10, O:4, or an unidentified serogroup. High numbers of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria.

scholarly journals Circulation of Plasmids Harboring Resistance Genes to Quinolones and/or Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in Multiple Salmonella enterica Serotypes from Swine in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Elnekave ◽  
Samuel L. Hong ◽  
Seunghyun Lim ◽  
Shivdeep S. Hayer ◽  
Dave Boxrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) poses a major public health risk worldwide that is amplified by the existence of antimicrobial-resistant strains, especially those resistant to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC). Little is known on the dissemination of plasmids harboring the acquired genetic determinants that confer resistance to these antimicrobials across NTS serotypes from livestock in the United States. NTS isolates (n = 183) from U.S. swine clinical cases retrieved during 2014 to 2016 were selected for sequencing based on their phenotypic resistance to enrofloxacin (quinolone) or ceftiofur (3rd-generation cephalosporin). De novo assemblies were used to identify chromosomal mutations and acquired antimicrobial resistance genes (AARGs). In addition, plasmids harboring AARGs were identified using short-read assemblies and characterized using a multistep approach that was validated by long-read sequencing. AARGs to quinolones [qnrB15, qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrD, qnrS1, qnrS2, and aac(6')Ib-cr] and ESC (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-27, and blaSHV-12) were distributed across serotypes and were harbored by several plasmids. In addition, chromosomal mutations associated with resistance to quinolones were identified in the target enzyme and efflux pump regulation genes. The predominant plasmid harboring the prevalent qnrB19 gene was distributed across serotypes. It was identical to a plasmid previously reported in S. enterica serovar Anatum from swine in the United States (GenBank accession number KY991369.1) and similar to Escherichia coli plasmids from humans in South America (GenBank accession numbers GQ374157.1 and JN979787.1). Our findings suggest that plasmids harboring AARGs encoding mechanisms of resistance to critically important antimicrobials are present in multiple NTS serotypes circulating in swine in the United States and can contribute to resistance expansion through horizontal transmission.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Eight Streptogramin-Resistant Enterococcus Species Isolated from Animal and Environmental Sources in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Sushim Kumar Gupta ◽  
John B. Barrett ◽  
Lari M. Hiott ◽  
Sandra L. House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enterococcus Species ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Environmental Source ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT Here, we present the draft genome sequences of eight streptogramin-resistant Enterococcus species isolated from animals and an environmental source in the United States from 2001 to 2004. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified conferring resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, and glycopeptides.

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