Palpation of Increased Skin and Subcutaneous Thickness, Tissue Dielectric Constant, and Water Displacement Method for Diagnosis of Early Mild Arm Lymphedema

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Katarina Karlsson ◽  
Lena Nilsson-Wikmar ◽  
Christina Brogårdh ◽  
Karin Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Arm Lymphedema

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Poultry Wastewater using Anaerobic Digester

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Poultry Waste ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Poultry Wastewater

Experimental work was carried out for the production of Biogas from poultry waste water. The Poultry waste was collected from farm near Nagercoil at Kanyakumari District. Batch anaerobic digester was designed for 20L capacity. The experiment was carried out for 36 days to monitor the performance. Various parameters like pH, TS, COD have checked for every 24hours. The Production of biogas was measured by water displacement method. The methane content was analyzed by gas chromatography test. Based on the experimental data, kinetics studies have done for various models like Line Weaver-Burk method, Eadie-Hofstee method, Hanes-Woolf method. The Eadie-Hofstee Method has provided better prediction than other method. These results thus indicate that, Eadie-Hofstee Method is best to identify the growth rate, substrate concentration and Limiting Substrate Concentration of the system. The sludge of the poultry wastewater and digester were characterized by SEM analysis. The imaging was done to determine the morphological structure of the sludge and to view the bacterial growth on the surface of the sludge.

scholarly journals Measurement of volume of macaw palm fruit using traditional and the digital Moiré techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson G. Costa ◽  
Elisângela Ribeiro ◽  
Roberto A. Braga ◽  
Francisco A. C. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Moiré Techniques ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Digital Moiré

ABSTRACT The macaw palm crop has been studied because of its bioenergy potential due to the high oil yield, which is linked to fruit maturity stage. Digital images have been adopted as a contactless way to obtain information about fruit surface area and volume, acting as a sensor for quality control and the classification of fruits, based on physical aspects during the maturation stage. The aim of this study was to estimate the volume of macaw palm fruits from digital models obtained by the Moiré technique using only one camera, associated with digital image-processing tools to unwarp the images, allowing the comparison with conventional methods. The volumes obtained by the Moiré technique were compared with those obtained by water displacement method (WDM) and millet-seed displacement method (SDM). The results show that the volumes measured by the Moiré technique exhibited a mean error of 13.54% compared with the SDM, and 11.09% when compared to WDM, which indicates that the digital Moiré technique is a robust, low-cost tool to measure the volume of macaw palm fruits.

Landfill Gas Detection in Leachate Pipe: A Consideration for Design Improvement of Leachate Piping and Gas Venting Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
Mohd Amir Zaid bin Ghazali ◽  
Nasiman bin Sapari ◽  
Emmanuel Olisa ◽  
Hisyam Jusoh
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Leachate Quality

Landfill provides simple and economic means of solid waste disposal. However, it causes negative effects to the environment due to leachate generation and greenhouse gas emissions. Current trends in landfill design allow aerobic or semi aerobic processes to take place inside the landfill to speed up degradation process and reduce odour. In Malaysia, the semi aerobic system of landfill design is adopted. This paper presents the study of the gas venting system and leachate quality of the semi aerobic landfill. The gas samples were collected from the end of the leachate pipe and the gas vent of a sanitary landfill by the water displacement method. Raw leachate samples from the landfill leachate ponds were collected and the COD of the samples were measured. The concentration of methane gas escaping from the leachate pipe was found to be around 13%. The COD content of the raw leachate was found to be more than 15000 mg/l. The improvement of landfill gas collection in Malaysia is recommended.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Accuracy of Lower Leg Volumes and Edema of the Lower Leg Measured by a Water Displacement Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-826
Author(s):  
Ryuto WATANABE ◽  
Ayaka SAITO ◽  
Yuto OGASAWARA ◽  
Arata KOMORI ◽  
Naoya NEMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement

scholarly journals Modified Water Displacement Method and its Use for Determination of Bulk Density of Porous Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ubong Williams Robert ◽  
Sunday Edet Etuk ◽  
Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Mean

In this research work, a modified water displacement method (MWDM) was designed and used in addition to geometry method (GM) to measure the bulk volume and then determine the bulk density values of asbestos ceiling board, cardboard paper, chalk, clay (compacted) and gypsum board that have been sun-dried to constant weight. The mean bulk densities determined by both methods were compared with the reference bulk density values of the same porous materials obtained in this work using standard test procedure in accordance with ASTM D6683-14. It was observed that, for all the tested porous materials, the percentage error in the mean bulk density values ranged from 2.3% to 49.6% when using GM and 0.9% to 5.7% by using the MWDM. Also, at 0.05 level of significance with a degree of freedom of 3, correlation coefficients of 0.7430 and 0.9955 were obtained in the cases of GM and the MWDM respectively. Again, all other analyses performed similarly revealed that the mean bulk densities obtained by the MWDM only were in close agreement with their corresponding reference values, thereby implying that apart from being cost-effective, the MWDM is better than GM in terms of accuracy, reliability, and validity. More importantly, it is noteworthy that even if the glass cylinder available for use is ungraduated, this MWDM can be employed to obtain accurate, reliable and valid bulk density values of porous materials in order to enhance thorough physical characterization, proper selection and suitable applications of such materials.

scholarly journals Biogas production from renewable lignocellulosic biomass

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatachalam Sundaresan Gnanambal ◽  
Krishnaswamy Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Different Characteristics

Effect of raw and biologically treated lignocellulosic biomass using cow dung slurry for biogas production is reported. Biomass is an energy source. Water containing biomass such as sewage sludge, cow dung slurry and lignocellulosic waste, has several important advantages and one of the key feature is renewability. Cow dung slurry has the potential to produce large amounts of biogas. Four categories of bacteria viz., hydrolytic, fermentative, fermentative acidogenic and acidogenic-methanogenic bacteria are involved in the production of biogas. The different characteristics of the cow dung slurry were determined according to standard methods. Hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin content of the lignocellulosic waste were also determined in our earlier studies. The substrates were digested under anaerobic condition for 5 days. The total biogas and methane produced during anaerobic digestion were estimated on 5th day. The total biogas produced during digestion was estimated by water displacement method. Biological methane production was estimated by using Saccharometer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12662 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 341-347

scholarly journals Estimasi Volume Buah Kiwi Menggunakan Metode Pencitraan dan Aturan Simpson

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Tomy Suherly ◽  
Minarni Shiddiq
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Kiwi Fruit ◽  
Surface Image ◽  
Fruit Sorting ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Volume Difference

Volume is one of important quantities that have been applied to fruit sorting based on size. Imaging method or computer vision is a simple non destructive method that has been proposed to measure fruits volume. This study was aimed to estimate the volumes of kiwi fruits using Computer Vision imaging method and compared to a water displacement method. The samples were 20 green kiwi fruits (Actinidia deliciosa). A smartphone camera was used to record the kiwifruit images and Python based program to drive the camera and process the images.  Images resulted in Computer Vision are two dimensions (2D) images. The 1/3 rd Simpson rule was employed to determine the volume of kiwi fruits based on the volume integration of a spinning object where surface image of kiwi was divided into 8 parts and then summed. The results show that the 2D imaging method assisted by the Simpson rule was successfully able to determine the kiwi fruit volumes with 4.57 % average difference percentage compared to the water displacement method. This was about 4.97 cm3 of average volume difference of 20 samples. The sample volumes measured using this method ranges from 82,48 cm3 - 126,85 cm3. These results will be one of steps toward the development of machine vision for fruit sorter based on volume

scholarly journals Ex-situ Morphological and Morphometric Studies of the Testis In the West African Dwarf Buck GoatEx-situ Morphological and Morphometric Studies of the Testis In the West African Dwarf Buck Goat

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukman Oladimeji Raji ◽  
Oluwatoyin Oluwasola Ajala
Keyword(s):  
West African ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
The West ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Prolate Ellipsoid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

This study was carried out to document ex-situ morphological and morphometric characteristics of the testis in the West African Dwarf (WAD) buck goat. For this aim, 24 post pubertal WAD buck testes were collected at the Ipata Abattoir in Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. Gross morphologic results revealed that WAD testis was ellipsoidal in shape with 2 borders (free and attached), margins (medial and lateral) and similar surfaces (ventral and dorsal). The surfaces were covered by an outer tunica vaginalis and a deep tunica albuginea. Histomorphology showed the testis comprised mostly of rounded and some irregularly shaped seminiferous tubules (ST). Each ST was lined by a basement membrane and a layer of germinal epithelium with lumen filled with spermatozoa surrounded by an adluminal space. Gross morphometric results showed that there were no significant differences in the weight, length, width and height of the right and left testis. Also in the volumes of testes obtained by water displacement method and using the prolate ellipsoid formula. There was a strong correlation between the weights and volumes of testes obtained using these methods. There were significant differences between the volumes of testes obtained by using the prolate spheroid and Lambert formulae, when compared with those obtained by water displacement method respectively. But there was no significant difference in testicular volume obtained by the prolate ellipsoid formula and the water displacement method. Histomorphometric results revealed no significant differences in the seminiferous tubular diameter, seminiferous luminal diameter and germinal epithelia height of the right and left testes respectively. The morphological and morphometric data highlighted in this study would be useful in comparative regional anatomy and researches on the testis of these valuable breed of goats.

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