Zinc-Deficient Diet Decreases Fetal Long Bone Growth Through Decreased Bone Matrix Formation in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Tak Kim ◽  
Sang-Heum Baek ◽  
Sang-Han Lee ◽  
Eui Kyun Park ◽  
Eun-Cheol Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

ZINC, COPPER AND MANGANESE DEFICIENCIES AND THE RUMINANT SKELETON: A REVIEW

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HIDIROGLOU
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Prominent Symptom ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Abnormalities ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

This review deals with changes in the morphology and composition of the skeleton of ruminants caused by trace element deficiencies, specifically with respect to zinc, copper and manganese. When ruminants are fed a zinc-deficient diet, bone abnormalities occur. Zinc is also reported to be of value in the prevention or cure of footrot in cattle and sheep. Depletion of zinc reserves appears to lead to alterations in bone mineralization and reduction of bone zinc concentration. The bones of copper-deficient ruminants are fragile and easily broken. The most prominent symptom of this deficiency is a very marked stiffness of the legs. Copper-deficient animals show symptoms of rickets with beading of the ribs and enlargement of the ends of the long bones. Histologically, the affected bones show widening of the growth plate and the overall appearance of the lesion is that of osteoporosis. Crosslinking between collagen precursors is impaired in copper deficiency, which affects the structural integrity of collagen. There is no evidence of any correlation between the concentration of copper in bone and the severity of malformation. A relationship between low manganese intake by gestating ruminants and increased incidence of deformed calves or lambs has been demonstrated. The deformities observed included enlarged joints and twisted forelimbs. Histological examinations of the affected bones revealed retarded growth. Since manganese plays an active role in bone matrix formation, synthesis of mucopolysaccharide is reduced in the deficient bones. The synthesis of chondroitin sulfate, which is involved in maintaining the rigidity of connective tissue, is also affected during manganese deficiency, resulting in skeletal abnormalities.

Spaceflight results in reduced mRNA levels for tissue-specific proteins in the musculoskeletal system

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. E567-E573 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Backup ◽  
K. Westerlind ◽  
S. Harris ◽  
T. Spelsberg ◽  
B. Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bone Matrix Proteins ◽  
Specific Proteins

The purpose of the present study in growing rats was to investigate the effects of short-term spaceflight on gene expression in bone and muscle and on cortical bone histomorphometry. Two experiments were carried out; Physiological Systems Experiments 1 and 2 were 4- and 10-day flights, respectively. Radial bone growth in the humerus was unchanged during the 4-day flight and decreased during the 10-day flight. Expression of mRNA for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged in biceps, calvarial periosteum, and long-bone periosteum after spaceflight. Similarly, no changes in ribosomal RNA levels were observed in long-bone or calvarial periosteum after spaceflight. In contrast, spaceflight decreased steady-state mRNA levels for actin in muscle (4-day flight). Osteocalcin (both spaceflights) and the prepro-alpha 2[I] chain of type I precollagen (10-day flight) mRNA levels were decreased in long-bone and calvarial periosteum after spaceflight. These results indicate that the effects of spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system include decreased expression of some muscle- and bone-specific genes as well as decreased bone formation. Interestingly, detectable reductions in gene expression for bone matrix proteins preceded histological evidence for decreased bone formation.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Zinc-Deficient Diet on the Formation of Bone Matrix in the Mandibular Alveolar Bone

1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Ohkubo ◽  
Wenyu Dai ◽  
Takahiro Nishioka ◽  
Noritaka Yahara ◽  
Kazumasa Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet

scholarly journals The Bone Buttress Theory: The Effect of the Mechanical Loading of Bone on the Osseointegration of Dental Implants

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
David Chavarri-Prado ◽  
Aritza Brizuela-Velasco ◽  
Ángel Álvarez-Arenal ◽  
Markel Dieguez-Pereira ◽  
Esteban Pérez-Pevida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To determine the effect of mechanical loading of bone on the stability and histomorphometric variables of the osseointegration of dental implants using an experimental test in an animal model. Materials and Methods: A total of 4 human implants were placed in both tibiae of 10 New Zealand rabbits (n = 40). A 6-week osseointegration was considered, and the rabbits were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (Test group) included 5 rabbits that ran on a treadmill for 20 min daily during the osseointegration period; Group B (Controls) included the other 5 that were housed conventionally. The monitored variables were related to the primary and secondary stability of the dental implants (implant stability quotient—ISQ), vertical bone growth, bone to implant contact (BIC), area of regenerated bone and the percentage of immature matrix. Results: The results of the study show a greater vertical bone growth (Group A 1.26 ± 0.48 mm, Group B 0.32 ± 0.47 mm, p < 0.001), higher ISQ values (Group A 11.25 ± 6.10 ISQ, 15.73%; Group B 5.80 ± 5.97 ISQ, 7.99%, p = 0.006) and a higher BIC (Group A 19.37%, Group B 23.60%, p = 0.0058) for implants in the test group, with statistically significant differences. A higher percentage of immature bone matrix was observed for implants in the control group (20.68 ± 9.53) than those in the test group (15.38 ± 8.84) (p = 0.108). A larger area of regenerated bone was also observed for the test implants (Group A 280.50 ± 125.40 mm2, Group B 228.00 ± 141.40 mm2), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.121). Conclusions: The mechanical loading of bone improves the stability and the histomorphometric variables of the osseointegration of dental implants.

scholarly journals Collagen heterogeneity within different growth regions of long bones of rachitic and nonrachitic chicks

1972 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan P. Toole ◽  
Andrew H. Kang ◽  
Robert L. Trelstad ◽  
Jerome Gross
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Collagen Molecules ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Chain Type

The different anatomical regions involved in osteogenesis in the chick long bone have been examined for heterogeneities in collagen structure that might relate to the mechanism of ossification. Experimentally induced lathyrism was employed to enhance collagen solubility, and vitamin D deficiency to allow accumulation of osteoid, the precursor of bone matrix. The extractable lathyritic collagens of the cartilaginous and osseous regions of growing long bones from rachitic and non-rachitic chicks were examined for α-chain type and amino acid composition. In both groups of animals the growth plate and cartilaginous regions of the epiphysis gave collagen molecules of the constitution [α1(II)]3, whereas the ossifying regions contained [α1(I)]2 α2. The degree of hydroxylation of the lysine moieties was increased by approximately 50% in the α1(I)-chain and α2-chain of rachitic bone collagen. Since uncalcified osteoid is greatly enriched in rachitic bone, it is concluded that the collagen of osteoid has the configuration [α1(I)]2 α2, similar to that of bone matrix, but has an elevated hydroxylysine content. The possible relationship of this difference to the mechanism of calcification is discussed.

Longitudinal bone growth in vitro: effects of insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. A. Scheven ◽  
Nicola J. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I

Abstract. Longitudinal growth was studied using an in vitro model system of intact rat long bones. Metatarsal bones from 18- and 19-day-old rat fetuses, entirely (18 days) or mainly (19 days) composed of chondrocytes, showed a steady rate of growth and radiolabelled thymidine incorporation for at least 7 days in serum-free media. Addition of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I to the culture media resulted in a direct stimulation of the longitudinal growth. Recombinant human growth hormone was also able to stimulate bone growth, although this was generally accomplished after a time lag of more than 2 days. A monoclonal antibody to IGF-I abolished both the IGF-I and GH-stimulated growth. However, the antibody had no effect on the growth of the bone explants in control, serum-free medium. Unlike the fetal long bones, bones from 2-day-old neonatal rats were arrested in their growth after 1-2 days in vitro. The neonatal bones responded to IGF-I and GH in a similar fashion as the fetal bones. Thus in this study in vitro evidence of a direct effect of GH on long bone growth via stimulating local production of IGF by the growth plate chondrocytes is presented. Furthermore, endogenous growth factors, others than IGFs, appear to play a crucial role in the regulation of fetal long bone growth.

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