Military Participation in Health Security: Analysis of Joint External Evaluation Reports and National Action Plans for Health Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Forshey ◽  
Alexandra Woodward ◽  
Jose L. Sanchez ◽  
Stephanie R. Petzing
Keyword(s):  
Security Analysis ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Joint External Evaluation

scholarly journals Military participation in health security: analysis of Joint External Evaluation mission reports and National Action Plans for Health Security

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett M. Forshey ◽  
Alexandra K. Woodward ◽  
Jose L. Sanchez ◽  
Stephanie R. Petzing
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Military Involvement ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Joint External Evaluation

AbstractMilitaries across the world play an important but at times poorly defined and underappreciated role in global health security. For example, they are often called upon to support civilian authorities in humanitarian crises and to provide routine healthcare for civilians. Furthermore, military personnel are a unique population in a health security context, as they are highly mobile and often deploy to austere settings domestically and internationally, which may increase exposure to infectious diseases. Despite the role of militaries, few studies have systematically evaluated the involvement of militaries in global health security activities, including the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA). To address this shortcoming, we analyzed Joint External Evaluation (JEE) mission reports (n=91) and National Action Plans for Health Security (n=11) that had been completed as of October 2019 (n=91) to determine the extent to which military organizations have been involved in the evaluation process, country military contributions to health security are accounted for, and specific recommendations are provided for the country’s military. For JEE reports, military involvement was highest for the “Respond” core area (73%) but much lower for the Prevent (36%) and Detect (30%) core areas. Similarly, 73% of NAPHS documents mentioned military involvement in the Respond core area, compared to 27% and 36% for Prevent and Detect, respectively. Additionally, only 26% of JEE reports provide recommendations for the military in any of the core areas. Our results indicate the need to more fully incorporate military roles and contributions into the GHSA framework and other health security activities in order to improve national capabilities to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats.

scholarly journals Joint external evaluation process: bringing multiple sectors together for global health security

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e857-e858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Kandel ◽  
Rajesh Sreedharan ◽  
Stella Chungong ◽  
Karen Sliter ◽  
Simo Nikkari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Joint External Evaluation

scholarly journals Validating Joint External Evaluation reports with the quality of outbreak response in Ethiopia, Nigeria and Madagascar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e001655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Garfield ◽  
Maureen Bartee ◽  
Landry Ndriko Mayigane
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Public Health Infrastructure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Joint External Evaluation ◽  
Level Of Agreement

To date more than 100 countries have carried out a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) as part of their Global Health Security programme. The JEE is a detailed effort to assess a country’s capacity to prevent, detect and respond to population health threats in 19 programmatic areas. To date no attempt has been made to determine the validity of these measures. We compare scores and commentary from the JEE in three countries to the strengths and weaknesses identified in the response to a subsequent large-scale outbreak in each of those countries. Relevant indicators were compared qualitatively, and scored as low, medium or in a high level of agreement between the JEE and the outbreak review in each of these three countries. Three reviewers independently reviewed each of the three countries. A high level of correspondence existed between score and text in the JEE and strengths and weaknesses identified in the review of an outbreak. In general, countries responded somewhat better than JEE scores indicated, but this appears to be due in part to JEE-related identification of weaknesses in that area. The improved response in large measure was due to more rapid requests for international assistance in these areas. It thus appears that even before systematic improvements are made in public health infrastructure that the JEE process may assist in improving outcomes in response to major outbreaks.

scholarly journals Global Health Security Preparedness and Response: An Analysis of the Relationship between Joint External Evaluation Scores and COVID-19 Response Performance

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e050052
Author(s):  
Laura Nguyen ◽  
Morgan Sydney Brown ◽  
Alexia Couture ◽  
Sharanya Krishnan ◽  
Mays Shamout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Global Health Security ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Emergency Operations ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Response Performance ◽  
Joint External Evaluation

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance and complexity of a country’s ability to effectively respond. The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) assessment was launched in 2016 to assess a country’s ability to prevent, detect and respond to public health emergencies. We examined whether JEE indicators could be used to predict a country’s COVID-19 response performance to tailor a country’s support more effectively.DesignFrom April to August 2020, we conducted interviews with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention country offices that requested COVID-19 support and previously completed the JEE (version 1.0). We used an assessment tool, the ‘Emergency Response Capacity Tool’ (ERCT), to assess COVID-19 response performance. We analysed 28 ERCT indicators aligned with eight JEE indicators to assess concordance and discordance using strict agreement and weighted kappa statistics. Generalised estimating equation (GEE) models were used to generate predicted probabilities for ERCT scores using JEE scores as the independent model variable.ResultsTwenty-three countries met inclusion criteria. Of the 163 indicators analysed, 42.3% of JEE and ERCT scores were in agreement (p value=0.02). The JEE indicator with the highest agreement (62%) was ‘Emergency Operations Center (EOC) operating procedures and plans’, while the lowest (16%) was ‘capacity to activate emergency operations’. Findings were consistent with weighted kappa statistics. In the GEE model, EOC operating procedures and plans had the highest predicted probability (0.86), while indicators concerning response strategy and coordination had the lowest (≤0.5).ConclusionsOverall, there was low agreement between JEE scores and COVID-19 response performance, with JEE scores often trending higher. JEE indicators concerning coordination and operations were least predictive of COVID-19 response performance, underscoring the importance of not inferring country response readiness from JEE scores alone. More in-depth country-specific investigations are likely needed to accurately estimate response capacity and tailor countries’ global health security activities.

scholarly journals The Joint External Evaluation process in Cameroon: Assessing the country’s capacity for health security

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Ndoungue Viviane Fossouo ◽  
Mohamed Moctar Mouliom Mouiche ◽  
Christie Tiwoda ◽  
Oumarou Gnigninanjouena ◽  
Serge alain Sadeuh-Mba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
International Health ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
Median Score ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Joint External Evaluation

Abstract Objectives: The objective of this study was to present the JEE process in Cameroon’s as well as the country capacities to prevent, detect and respond to public health threats in accordance with the IHR (2005). Data for the 48 indicators within the 19 technical areas of the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) tool was examined. Results: Cameroon's overall median score was 2 (Min =1, Max=4) and 34/48 indicators (71%) had scores less than 2 on a 1 to 5 scale. The weakest technical areas in the “Prevent” category were antimicrobial resistance, biosafety and biosecurity, and National legislation, policy and financing. In the “Detect” category, the median score was 2. Technical areas with the lowest median scores were Reporting and National Laboratory System. Emergency Response Operations, Preparedness, Medical Countermeasures and Personnel Deployment had the lowest scores in the “Respond” category. Chemical Events and Points of Entry had the lowest score in “Other IHR-related hazards and Point of Entry” category. Recommendations from the JEE to address the gaps will be aligned in a costed National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) and implemented using national resources, external donors and multilateral agencies. Key words: International Health Regulation, Joint External Evaluation, Health security, Cameroon.

Nigeria's Joint External Evaluation and National Action Plan for Health Security

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubunmi Eyitayo Ojo ◽  
Mahmoud Dalhat ◽  
Richard Garfield ◽  
Chris Lee ◽  
Oyeronke Oyebanji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
External Evaluation ◽  
Health Security ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Joint External Evaluation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document