Early Adaption to the Antarctic Environment at Dome C: Consequences on Stress-Sensitive Innate Immune Functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Feuerecker ◽  
Brian Crucian ◽  
Alex P. Salam ◽  
Ales Rybka ◽  
Ines Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Environment

Novel Innate Immune Functions Revealed by Dynamic, Real-Time Live Imaging of Bacterial Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keira Melican ◽  
Jorrit Boekel ◽  
Monica Ryden-Aulin ◽  
Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Live Imaging ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Functions

scholarly journals Recent insights into the implications of metabolism in plasmacytoid dendritic cell innate functions: Potential ways to control these functions

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Saas ◽  
Alexis Varin ◽  
Sylvain Perruche ◽  
Adam Ceroi
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Functions

There are more and more data concerning the role of cellular metabolism in innate immune cells, such as macrophages or conventional dendritic cells. However, few data are available currently concerning plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC), another type of innate immune cells. These cells are the main type I interferon (IFN) producing cells, but they also secrete other pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor or interleukin [IL]-6) or immunomodulatory factors (e.g., IL-10 or transforming growth factor-β). Through these functions, PDC participate in antimicrobial responses or maintenance of immune tolerance, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases. Recent data support the idea that the glycolytic pathway (or glycolysis), as well as lipid metabolism (including both cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism) may impact some innate immune functions of PDC or may be involved in these functions after Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/9 triggering. Some differences may be related to the origin of PDC (human versus mouse PDC or blood-sorted versus FLT3 ligand stimulated-bone marrow-sorted PDC). The kinetics of glycolysis may differ between human and murine PDC. In mouse PDC, metabolism changes promoted by TLR7/9 activation may depend on an autocrine/paracrine loop, implicating type I IFN and its receptor IFNAR, explaining a delayed glycolysis. Moreover, PDC functions can be modulated by the metabolism of cholesterol and fatty acids. This may occur via the production of lipid ligands that activate nuclear receptors (e.g., liver X receptor [LXR]) in PDC or through limiting intracellular cholesterol pool size (by statins or LXR agonists) in these cells. Finally, lipid-activated nuclear receptors (i.e., LXR or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor) may also directly interact with pro-inflammatory transcription factors, such as NF-κB. Here, we discuss how glycolysis and lipid metabolism may modulate PDC functions and how this may be harnessed in pathological situations where PDC play a detrimental role.

scholarly journals Novel chicken two-dimensional intestinal model comprising all key epithelial cell types and a mesenchymal sub-layer

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid Orr ◽  
Kate Sutton ◽  
Sonja Christian ◽  
Tessa Nash ◽  
Helle Niemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Epithelial Integrity

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium plays a variety of roles including providing an effective physical barrier and innate immune protection against infection. Two-dimensional models of the intestinal epithelium, 2D enteroids, are a valuable resource to investigate intestinal cell biology and innate immune functions and are suitable for high throughput studies of paracellular transport and epithelial integrity. We have developed a chicken 2D enteroid model that recapitulates all major differentiated cell lineages, including enterocytes, Paneth cells, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and leukocytes, and self-organises into an epithelial and mesenchymal sub-layer. Functional studies demonstrated the 2D enteroids formed a tight cell layer with minimal paracellular flux and a robust epithelial integrity, which was maintained or rescued following damage. The 2D enteroids were also able to demonstrate appropriate innate immune responses following exposure to bacterial endotoxins, from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Frozen 2D enteroids cells when thawed were comparable to freshly isolated cells. The chicken 2D enteroids provide a useful ex vivo model to study intestinal cell biology and innate immune function, and have potential uses in screening of nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs RN7SK and GAS5 Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Innate Immune Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Araceli Valverde ◽  
Raza Ali Naqvi ◽  
Afsar R. Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Macrophages (Mφ) are immune cells that exhibit remarkable functional plasticity. Identification of novel endogenous factors that can regulate plasticity and innate immune functions of Mφ will unravel new strategies to curb immune-related diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding, regulatory RNAs that are increasingly being associated with various cellular functions and diseases. Despite their ubiquity and abundance, lncRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of Mφ polarization and innate immune functions is poorly studied. This study elucidates the regulatory role of lncRNAs in monocyte to Mφ differentiation, M1/M2 dichotomy and innate immune responses. Expression profiling of eighty-eight lncRNAs in monocytes and in vitro differentiated M2 Mφ identified seventeen differentially expressed lncRNAs. Based on fold-change and significance, we selected four differentially expressed lncRNAs viz., RN7SK, GAS5, IPW, and ZFAS1 to evaluate their functional impact. LncRNA knockdown was performed on day 3 M2 Mφ and the impact on polarization was assessed on day 7 by surface marker analysis. Knockdown of RN7SK and GAS5 showed downregulation of M2 surface markers (CD163, CD206, or Dectin) and concomitant increase in M1 markers (MHC II or CD23). RN7SK or GAS5 knockdown showed no significant impact on CD163, CD206, or CD23 transcripts. M1/M2 markers were not impacted by IPW or ZFAS1 knockdown. Functional regulation of antigen uptake/processing and phagocytosis, two central innate immune pathways, by candidate lncRNA was assessed in M1/M2 Mφ. Compared to scramble, enhanced antigen uptake and processing were observed in both M1/M2 Mφ transfected with siRNA targeting GAS5 and RN7SK but not IPW and ZFAS1. In addition, knockdown of RN7SK significantly augmented uptake of labelled E. coli in vitro by M1/M2 Mφ, while no significant difference was in GAS5 silencing cells. Together, our results highlight the instrumental role of lncRNA (RN7SK and GAS5)-mediated epigenetic regulation of macrophage differentiation, polarization, and innate immune functions.

Polystyrene nanoparticles affect the innate immune system of the Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri

Polar Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bergami ◽  
A. Krupinski Emerenciano ◽  
M. González-Aravena ◽  
C. A. Cárdenas ◽  
P. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽  
Sterechinus Neumayeri ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals How do we know that the Antarctic environment is fine?

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-113
Author(s):  
D.W.H. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Nations Environment ◽  
Environment Programme ◽  
Antarctic Environment

One might imagine that the only continent in the world devoted to peace and science would be certain to play a leadership role in global questions that needed a scientific answer. Indeed, to a dispassionate observer, the present situation with respect to reporting on the state of the Antarctic environment must seem bizarre. All the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties are members of the United Nations Environment Programme, and all are apparently committed to providing State of the Environment Reports for their respective regions. Why then have some of these very nations been so reluctant to accept that Antarctica is a key part of this world and, to provide the holistic view required, needs to be included in the reporting? The list of excuses for delay is lengthy: no money; no secretariat to organize through; likely to be too expensive; no clear reason to undertake it; not needed at present; who would be the audience; how would we maintain political oversight; etc. but none of them ever appeared insoluble. This has been clearly demonstrated by the recent publication by New Zealand of a State of the Environment Report for the Ross Sea Region.

scholarly journals Treaty on Antarctic minerals and oil – what impact on science and environment?

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-191
Author(s):  
John C. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resource ◽  
Legitimate Concern ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Antarctic Environment

The Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA) was adopted in 1988. Of legitimate concern to all Antarctic scientists is CRAMRA's impact on the Antarctic environment and on the conduct of research; the treaty will have a positive effect on both.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document