Faster Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Milk Powder by Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Sui ◽  
Ziquan Wang ◽  
Longquan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Milk Powder

scholarly journals Multiparameter Flow Cytometric Analysis of Antibiotic Effects on Membrane Potential, Membrane Permeability, and Bacterial Counts of Staphylococcus aureus andMicrococcus luteus

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Novo ◽  
Nancy G. Perlmutter ◽  
Richard H. Hunt ◽  
Howard M. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Permeability Parameter ◽  
Particle Counts

ABSTRACT Although flow cytometry has been used to study antibiotic effects on bacterial membrane potential (MP) and membrane permeability, flow cytometric results are not always well correlated to changes in bacterial counts. Using new, precise techniques, we simultaneously measured MP, membrane permeability, and particle counts of antibiotic-treated and untreated Staphylococcus aureus andMicrococcus luteus cells. MP was calculated from the ratio of red and green fluorescence of diethyloxacarbocyanine [DiOC2(3)]. A normalized permeability parameter was calculated from the ratio of far red fluorescence of the nucleic acid dye TO-PRO-3 and green DiOC2(3) fluorescence. Bacterial counts were calculated by the addition of polystyrene beads to the sample at a known concentration. Amoxicillin increased permeability within 45 min. At concentrations of <1 μg/ml, some organisms showed increased permeability but normal MP; this population disappeared after 4 h, while bacterial counts increased. At amoxicillin concentrations above 1 μg/ml, MP decreased irreversibly and the particle counts did not increase. Tetracycline and erythromycin caused smaller, dose- and time-dependent decreases in MP. Tetracycline concentrations of <1 μg/ml did not change permeability, while a tetracycline concentration of 4 μg/ml permeabilized 50% of the bacteria; 4 μg of erythromycin per ml permeabilized 20% of the bacteria. Streptomycin decreased MP substantially, with no effect on permeability; chloramphenicol did not change either permeability or MP. Erythromycin pretreatment of bacteria prevented streptomycin and amoxicillin effects. Flow cytometry provides a sensitive means of monitoring the dynamic cellular events that occur in bacteria exposed to antibacterial agents; however, it is probably simplistic to expect that changes in a single cellular parameter will suffice to determine the sensitivities of all species to all drugs.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus and Quality of Raw Milk from Dairy Cows in a Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata De Moraes Peixoto Araújo ◽  
Rodolfo De Moraes Peixoto ◽  
Luciana Jatobá e Silva Peixoto ◽  
Gisele Veneroni Gouveia ◽  
Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Milk quality is considered unsatisfactory in Brazil due to factors of a social, economic, cultural, and climatic nature. Mastitis is the main disease that affects dairy herds. Microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus are the most frequently isolated pathogens in cases of mastitis in bovines. Staphylococcus aureus requires more attention because they have the ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials used in the treatment of mastitis. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate virulence factors in isolates of S. aureus as well as analyze the hygienic-sanitary quality of raw milk produced on dairy farms in a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil.Material, Methods & Results: Samples were taken from milk containers at 44 properties. Fifty-eight isolates of Staphylococcus spp. were analyzed and genotypically identified as S. aureus. In the phenotypic characterization, 56.8% (33/58) of the isolates demonstrated moderate biofilm production. In the genotypic characterization (icaA, icaD and bap genes), icaA was the most representative among the isolates. No resistance to cephalothin or oxacillin was found, but 62% (36/58) of the isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin. In the genotypic evaluation in response to β-lactam antibiotics, 50% (29/58) of the isolates exhibited the blaZ gene. Total bacterial counts were determined based on the standard plate count and flow cytometry, for which a significant positive correlation was found (r = 0.61, P < 0.01). The somatic cell count was also performed using flow cytometry and demonstrated that 6.8% (3/44) of the properties had values above one million cells per mL. The analysis of Staphylococcus spp. revealed that 20% (9/44) of the properties had significant counts for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins. Regarding total coliforms, 56.8% (25/44) of the milk analyzed had counts above 1.0 x 103 CFUs/mL. There were no cases of the isolation of Pseudomonas spp. Streptococcus spp. was isolated on 6.8% (3/44) of the properties. The results of the sequencing revealed one isolate to be Lactococcus lactis and two to be Enterococcus spp.Discussion: None of the 58 isolates of S. aureus was classified as negative in the phenotypic characterization of biofilmforming capacity, which suggests the presence of genes involved in this process. Studies have shown that the molecular techniques used to identify ica genes encoding biofilm synthesis are very important for the identification of virulent strains. The isolates demonstrated resistance to β-lactam antibiotics of the class of penicillins, which are the most widely employed antimicrobial agents for the treatment of diseases in dairy herds. The presence of the blaZ gene in 50% of the isolates is in agreement with data reported in other studies developed in northeastern Brazil. In 50% (29/58) of the isolates, the presence of the blaZ gene was not observed. Of these, (8/29) were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and penicillin. This is due to the existence of other bacterial mechanisms. Research has shown that some isolates possessed three mechanisms (blaZ, mecA and msrA) of antimicrobial resistance simultaneously. The results of the quality analyses demonstrate that some properties produce milk of low quality, which underscores the need for management strategies directed at reducing the contamination of the product.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin Resistance by Flow Cytometry Using a Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3383-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabin K. Shrestha ◽  
Nikole M. Scalera ◽  
Deborah A. Wilson ◽  
Byron Brehm-Stecher ◽  
Gary W. Procop
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid Probe

Addendum: Survie de Staphylococcus aureus au cours de la préparation et de la conservation de lait écrémé en poudre. Problèmes posés par le dénombrement des survivants

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
A. Chopin ◽  
Silvia Tesone ◽  
J.-P. Vila ◽  
Y. LeGraet ◽  
G. Mocquot
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Test Strain ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Concentrated Milk ◽  
Drying Conditions

Skim milk powders were contaminated with seven strains of Staphylococcus aureus previously isolated from dairy products. These organisms were either added to the concentrated milk before spray-drying or directly to the milk powder. Survival under spray-drying conditions similar to those used in commercial operations was dependent on drying conditions and on the test strain; 1/5 to 1/250 000 of the original populations could be recovered. Survival during storage of milk powder at room temperature depended on the test strain, moisture content, and the method used to contaminate the powder. Our results suggest that powder stored at room temperature for more than 3 months may contain enterotoxin but no detectable surviving S. aureus.Of the different media tested, direct inoculation of Baird–Parker agar and PPSA supplemented with Tweens reliably detected maximal numbers of viable cells. Other selective counting methods gave variable results dependent on the test strain, the age of the powder, and the method by which the powders were contaminated.The nature of cellular damage depended on whether or not the organisms had been exposed to the spray-drying process. Enumeration of populations in spray-dried samples was "superior" when selective media were supplemented with egg yolk or Tweens. [Translated by the journal]

Study of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus and latex microbeads by human leukocytes using flow cytometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-259
Author(s):  
Rabesandratana Herisao ◽  
Chateau Marie-Thérèse ◽  
Caravano René ◽  
Serre Arlette
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Human Leukocytes

Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat milk powder processing plants

Food Control ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 644-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonan Xing ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Wupeng Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Processing Plants
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