An Overview of Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli Carriage and Prevalence in the Ovine Meat Production Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán C. McCarthy ◽  
Catherine M. Burgess ◽  
Séamus Fanning ◽  
Geraldine Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Production Chain

scholarly journals Survival of Acid Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli to Organic and Inorganic Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Villatoro ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Inorganic Acid ◽  
Production Chain

ObjectivesThe shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been involved in a series of outbreaks around the world. Organic acids, such as lactic acid, have been used in meat plants to control STEC. However, STEC has shown its capacity to survive in low acid environments, which may compromise the effectiveness of organic acid interventions. Similarly, STEC may also survive in human stomach fluid (pH 1.5– 3.5), which can potentially result in clinical infections. Thus, the objective was to compare the ability of acid-resistant (AR) STEC to survive in inorganic and organic acid at different pH levels.Materials and MethodsFor this study, five AR STEC strains were used to make an inoculum for the study. The AR STEC inoculum was challenged in acidified TSB with lactic acid (2% at pH 3.2; 5% at pH 2.8) and TSB with hydrochloric acid (HCl; to simulate human stomach acid) at pH 1.6, 2.8, 3.2 and 3.5 for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h at 37°C. After the acid challenge, the survival bacteria counts were plated on TSA plates and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The complete experiment was repeated five times. The data was analyzed using the generalized linear model of the SAS 9.4.ResultsThe AR STEC showed a distinct ability to survive in organic and inorganic acid, even with the same pH. Exposure of AR STEC to HCl with pH 3.2 and 3.5 for 8 h resulted in the highest (P < 0.01) survival counts across all the treatments. When AR STEC was challenged with HCl at pH 1.6, no survival cells were recovered on TSA plates after 4 h. No additional reduction of AR STEC was observed when exposure time to HCl at pH 2.8 and 3.2 was increased. However, no growth (P < 0.01) of AR STEC was observed after exposure to lactic acid at the same pH by time.ConclusionLactic acid (2% and 5%) effectively controlled the growth of AR STEC in pure culture. However, if AR STEC can survive through the meat production chain, they may survive in the human stomach for an extended period when the pH is higher than 1.6. The results of the study emphasize that it is necessary to eliminate AR STEC before they enter the human body, as they are more resistant in inorganic acid, such as the HCl found in human stomach fluid.Table 8Least squares means (LSmeans; standard error) of the survival counts for acid-resistant Escherichia coli exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lactic acid (LA) at different pH through time. a-g Least squares means with a different superscript letter are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Escherichia coli O157 Diversity with Respect to Survival during Drying on Concrete

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. AVERY ◽  
S. BUNCIC
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pfge Type ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range

Shiga toxin (Stx)–producing Escherichia coli O157 isolates (n = 123) were divided into groups according to origin, genotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] type, or ribotype), type of Stx produced, or phage type (PT). The survival rate ([number of CFU after 24 h of drying/number of CFU before drying] × 100) for each isolate was determined in triplicate after drying on concrete for 24.0 h. The overall mean survival rate among the 123 E. coli O157 isolates studied was 22.9%, but there was a wide range of responses to drying on concrete, with a minimum of 1.2% and a maximum of 61.9% of the initial inocula being recovered after drying. Among the groups, those isolates that originated from cases of human disease were, on average, significantly more sensitive (P &lt; 0.001) to drying (with a mean survival rate of 15.3%) than isolates from the other three sources (with mean survival rates of 27.7, 26.0, and 22.9% for meats, bovine or ovine feces, and bovine hides, respectively). When the isolates were grouped by genotype, three of the PFGE types were, on average, significantly more resistant to drying than two other PFGE types were, and similarly, significant differences in average resistance to drying between groups of E. coli O157 with different ribotypes were seen. There were no differences between the abilities of isolates producing different Stxs (Stx 1 or Stx 1 and Stx 2) to survive drying. E. coli O157 isolates of PT4, PT21/28, and PT32 survived drying on concrete better than groups of other PTs did. Since the E. coli O157 isolates had various abilities to survive drying on concrete, drying could contribute to a kind of E. coli O157 natural selection along the meat chain. This possibility may have significant meat safety implications if a range of E. coli O157 isolates are simultaneously exposed to drying at any point along the meat production chain. Those E. coli O157 isolates that are more able to survive drying could be more likely to pass farther along the meat chain and ultimately reach consumers.

scholarly journals Broiler Farms and Carcasses Are an Important Reservoir of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
Sofía de Janon ◽  
Fernando Villavicencio ◽  
Katherine Jaramillo Ruales ◽  
Kenny De La Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
E Coli

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat for public and animal health in the twenty-first century. In Ecuador, antibiotics have been used by the poultry industry for decades resulting in the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the poultry meat production chain, with the consequent risk for public health. This study evaluated the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC and mcr genes in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GC-R E. coli) isolated from broiler farms (animal component), broiler carcasses (food component), and human enteritis (human component) in Quito-Ecuador. Samples were collected weekly from November 2017 to November 2018. For the animal, food, and human components, 133, 335, and 302 samples were analyzed, respectively. Profiles of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed by an automated microdilution system. Resistance genes were studied by PCR and Sanger sequencing. From all samples, 122 (91.7%), 258 (77%), and 146 (48.3%) samples were positive for 3GC-R E. coli in the animal, food, and human components, respectively. Most of the isolates (472/526, 89.7%) presented MDR phenotypes. The ESBL blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCTX-M-14 were the most prevalent ESBL genes while blaCMY-2 was the only AmpC detected gene. The mcr-1 gene was found in 20 (16.4%), 26 (10.1%), and 3 (2.1%) of isolates from animal, food, and human components, respectively. The implication of poultry products in the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC and mcr genes in 3GC-R must be considered in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals From Farm to Table: Follow-Up of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Throughout the Pork Production Chain in Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Colello ◽  
María E. Cáceres ◽  
María J. Ruiz ◽  
Marcelo Sanz ◽  
Analía I. Etcheverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production

scholarly journals Role of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the swine production chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ercoli ◽  
Silvana Farneti ◽  
David Ranucci ◽  
Stefania Scuota ◽  
Raffaella Branciari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) can cause severe clinical diseases in humans, such as haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Although ruminants, primarily cattle, have been suggested as typical reservoirs of STEC, many food products of other origins, including pork products, have been confirmed as vehicles for STEC transmission. Only in rare cases, pork consumption is associated with severe clinical symptoms caused by high pathogenic STEC strains. However, in these outbreaks, it is unknown whether the contamination of food products occurs during swine processing or via cross-contamination from foodstuffs of different sources. In swine, STEC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oedema disease. In particular a Shiga toxin subtype, named stx2e, it is considered as a key factor involved in the damage of swine endothelial cells. On the contrary, stx2e-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> has rarely been isolated in humans, and usually only from asymptomatic carriers or from patients with mild symptoms, such as uncomplicated diarrhoea. In fact, the presence of gene stx2e, encoding for stx2e, has rarely been reported in STEC strains that cause HUS. Moreover, stx2e-producing STEC isolated from humans and pigs were found to differ in serogroup, their virulence profile and interaction with intestinal epithelial cells. Because of the limited epidemiologic data of STEC in swine and the increasing role of non-O157 STEC in human illnesses, the relationship between swine STEC and human disease needs to be further investigated.

scholarly journals The Polymorphic Aggregative Phenotype of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O111 Depends on RpoS and Curli

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Diodati ◽  
A. H. Bates ◽  
W. G. Miller ◽  
M. Q. Carter ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Rpos Mutant

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliO111 is an emerging non-O157:H7 serotype of Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC). We previously reported that outbreak and environmental, but not sporadic-case, strains of STEC O111 share a distinct aggregation phenotype (M. E. Diodati, A. H. Bates, M. B. Cooley, S. Walker, R. E. Mandrell, and M. T. Brandl, Foodborne Pathog Dis 12:235−243, 2015,http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1887). We show here the natural occurrence of nonaggregative variants in single STEC O111 strains. These variants do not produce curli fimbriae and lack RpoS function but synthesize cellulose. The deletion ofcsgBACorrpoSin an aggregative outbreak strain abolished aggregate formation, which was rescued when curli biogenesis or RpoS function, respectively, was restored. Complementation of a nonaggregative variant with RpoS also conferred curli production and aggregation. These observations were supported by Western blotting with an anti-CsgA antibody. Immunomicroscopy revealed that curli were undetectable on the cells of the nonaggregative variant and the RpoS mutant but were present in large quantities in the intercellular matrix of the assemblages formed by aggregative strains. Sequence analysis ofrpoSin the aggregative strain and its variant showed a single substitution of threonine for asparagine at amino acid 124. Our results indicate that the multicellular behavior of STEC O111 is RpoS dependent via positive regulation of curli production. Aggregation may confer a fitness advantage in O111 outbreak strains under stressful conditions in hydrodynamic environments along the food production chain and in the host, while the occurrence of nonaggregative variants may allow the cell population to adapt to conditions benefiting a planktonic lifestyle.

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