scholarly journals Lack of Evidence for erm(B) Infiltration Into Erythromycin-Resistant Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from Commercial Turkey Production in Eastern North Carolina: A Major Turkey-Growing Region in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 698-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah K. Bolinger ◽  
Qijing Zhang ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
The United States ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Commercial Turkey ◽  
Growing Region

Longitudinal Study of Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from Turkeys and Swine Grown in Close Proximity

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1791-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. WRIGHT ◽  
D. K. CARVER ◽  
R. M. SILETZKY ◽  
S. ROMINE ◽  
W. E. M. MORROW ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
The United States ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Sampling Times ◽  
Turkey Flock

Eastern North Carolina is a major contributor to both turkey and swine production in the United States. In this region, turkeys and swine are frequently grown in close proximity and by common growers. To further characterize colonization of turkeys and swine with Campylobacter in such a setting, we investigated the prevalence of thermophilic campylobacters in eight paired operations involving turkey farms in close proximity to finishing swine farms. All 15 surveyed flocks and 15 herds were Campylobacter positive at one or more sampling times. Campylobacter was isolated from 1,310 (87%) of the 1,512 turkey samples and 1,116 (77%) of the 1,448 swine samples. Most (>99%) campylobacters from swine samples were Campylobacter coli, found in 59 to 97% of the samples from the different herds. Both Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were recovered from the turkey flocks (overall prevalences of 52 and 35%, respectively). Prevalence among flocks ranged from 31 to 86% for C. jejuni and 0 to 67% for C. coli, and both species were recovered from most flocks. Relative prevalence of C. coli was higher in young birds (brooders), whereas C. jejuni predominated in grow-out birds (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of C. coli in a swine herd was generally not a good predictor for prevalence of this species in the corresponding turkey flock. These findings indicate that even though turkeys and swine grown in proximity to each other were commonly colonized with thermophilic campylobacters, the relative prevalences of C. jejuni and C. coli appear to be host associated.

scholarly journals Three Pythium Species Isolated From Severely Stunted Wheat During an Outbreak in North Carolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
Emma Lookabaugh ◽  
Barbara Shew ◽  
Christina Cowger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Pythium Root Rot ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

Large portions of eastern North Carolina experienced prolonged soil waterlogging in 2016. Severely stunted wheat plants from saturated fields were examined and Pythium spp. consistently were associated with the symptoms observed. Three species of Pythium were identified among 15 isolates derived from wheat roots and crowns: P. irregulare, P. spinosum, and P. vanterpoolii. Each species was isolated from samples that came from between two and five counties. Pythium vanterpoolii and P. spinosum have not previously been reported as pathogens in wheat in the United States. All three species caused root rot when reinoculated on wheat plants. These species are not opportunistic or mainly saprophytic on other hosts; therefore, it is likely that they contributed to the extreme stunting and yield loss observed in North Carolina wheat in 2016. The 15 isolates were tested for sensitivity to mefenoxam at 100 μg/ml a.i. and none was insensitive. Prolonged hypoxia likely predisposed North Carolina wheat to unusual levels of Pythium root rot in 2016.

Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter on Broiler Carcasses Collected Preevisceration and Postchill in 17 U.S. Poultry Processing Plants†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. HUNTER ◽  
M. E. BERRANG ◽  
R. J. MEINERSMANN ◽  
M. A. HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Variable Region ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Short Variable Region

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most important human enteropathogens among the campylobacters. The objective of this study was to determine how diversity in Campylobacter populations found on chicken carcasses collected from 17 broiler processing plants in the United States is impacted by processing. Genetic diversity was determined for up to four isolates per carcass by sequencing the short variable region (SVR) of the flaA locus. On 70% of Campylobacter-positive carcasses, all isolates were indistinguishable by flaA SVR typing. The genetic diversity of Campylobacter decreased as carcasses proceeded through processing; Campylobacter populations obtained early in processing where carcasses are moved from the kill line to the evisceration line (rehang) were significantly more genetically diverse (P < 0.05) than those from carcasses sampled postchill (diversity indices of 0.9472 and 0.9235, respectively). Certain Campylobacter subtypes were found only at rehang and not at postchill. Other subtypes were found at postchill and not at rehang. These data suggest that some subtypes may not be able to survive processing, whereas others may persist on the carcass or within the equipment despite stressors encountered in the processing environment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Strain Type Diversity of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Turkeys in Eastern North Carolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimin Gu ◽  
Robin M. Siletzky ◽  
Sandra Wright ◽  
Mohammed Islam ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
Eastern North Carolina ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Genomic Cluster ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and recent findings suggest that turkeys are an important reservoir for this organism. In this study, 80 C. jejuni isolates from eastern North Carolina were characterized for resistance to nine antimicrobials, and strain types were determined by fla typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI and KpnI, and (for 41 isolates) multilocus sequence typing (MLST). PFGE analysis suggested that many of the isolates (37/40 [ca. 93%]) in a major genomic cluster had DNA that was partially methylated at SmaI sites. Furthermore, 12/40 (30%) of the isolates in this cluster were completely resistant to digestion by KpnI, suggesting methylation at KpnI sites. MLST of 41 isolates identified 10 sequence types (STs), of which 4 were new. Three STs (ST-1839, ST-2132 and the new ST-2934) were predominant and were detected among isolates from different farms. The majority of the isolates (74%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials, and resistance to ciprofloxacin was common (64%), whereas resistance to the other drug of choice for treatment of human campylobacteriosis, erythromycin, was never encountered. Most (33/34) of the kanamycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline; however, only ca. 50% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates were also kanamycin resistant. Isolates with certain antimicrobial resistance profiles had identical or closely related strain types. Overall, the findings suggest dissemination of certain clonal groups of C. jejuni isolates in the turkey production industry of this region.

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