Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: Prevalence, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Shanghai, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuefang Li ◽  
Xinbao Xie ◽  
Xuebing Xu ◽  
Xiangshi Wang ◽  
Hailing Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Infection

scholarly journals Salmonella Infection in Nursery Piglets and Its Role in the Spread of Salmonellosis to Further Production Periods

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
María Bernad-Roche ◽  
Alejandro Casanova-Higes ◽  
Clara M. Marín-Alcalá ◽  
Alberto Cebollada-Solanas ◽  
Raúl C. Mainar-Jaime
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Meat Juice ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Common Serotypes ◽  
Breeding Farms

Few studies have focused on assessing Salmonella infection in the nursery and its role in further pig production periods. Mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal content, and meat juice from 389 6-week-old male piglets intended for human consumption from five breeding farms and 191 pooled floor fecal samples from gilt development units (GDU) from the same farms were analyzed to estimate and characterize (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial resistance analyses) Salmonella infection. The prevalence of infection and shedding among piglets was 36.5% and 37.3%, respectively, shedding being significantly associated with infection (Odds Ratio = 12.7; CI 7.3–22.0). Salmonella Rissen; S. 4,[5],12:i:-; and S. Derby were the most common serotypes. A low level of Salmonella-specific maternal antibodies at the beginning of the nursery period suggested it was a period of high risk of infection. Resistance to 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins was detected in piglet isolates although the piglets never received antibiotics, indicating they could be vectors of antimicrobial resistance. The same Salmonella clones were detected in piglet and GDU isolates, suggesting that infected piglets play a significant role in the infection of gilts and consequently of finishing pigs in the case of production farms. The control of Salmonella infection in nursery piglets may decrease the risk of abattoir and carcass contamination.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica in Invasive Lizard from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago: Serotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Abrahão ◽  
Luisa Z. Moreno ◽  
Jean C. R. Silva ◽  
Nilson R. Benites ◽  
Carlos E. C. Matajira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

Salmonella infection can pose serious health issues, especially to children, elders or immunosuppressed humans. Wild populations of reptiles can reach Salmonella prevalence of up to 100% and the direct or indirect transmission from reptiles to humans have been extensively reported. Fernando de Noronha (FN) is an inhabited oceanic archipelago in the northeast coast of Brazil, with an economy based on tourism. The tegu (Salvator merianae) is the largest lizard native to South America and was introduced to the archipelago in the early 20th century. This study determines the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in the tegu population from FN archipelago. Results show that S. enterica is widely distributed in the FN tegu population, with 43.8% prevalence. The bacteria were isolated from 70.5% of the sampled sites and a total of 15 serotypes were detected in 98 S. enterica isolates. Strains were further classified into 31 genotypes. Recaptured animals presented distinct genotypes in each season, demonstrating a seasonal strain turnover. Most S. enterica isolates from FN tegus presented low antimicrobial resistance. This is possibly due to geographical isolation of the island population, hampering contact with strains from livestock from the continent, where antimicrobial resistance is common.

Prevalence of Salmonella Isolates and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Chicken Meat throughout Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIKO IWABUCHI ◽  
SHIORI YAMAMOTO ◽  
YASUHISA ENDO ◽  
TAMEICHI OCHIAI ◽  
KATSUYA HIRAI
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Southern Japan ◽  
The Future ◽  
Resistance Patterns

We investigated the prevalence of Salmonella in chicken meat from northern, central, and southern Japan. Between 2006 and 2008, 821 samples from these three regions were collected and examined. Salmonella isolates were detected in 164 (20.0%) of these samples, with 15 (10.0%) of 150, 113 (27.5%) of 411, and 36 (13.8%) of 260 recovered from the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively. We recovered 452 Salmonella isolates. From the isolates, 27 serovars were identified; the predominant serovars isolated were Salmonella Infantis (n = 81), Salmonella Kalamu (n = 56), and Salmonella Schwarzengrund (n = 43). Of the 452 isolates, 443 (98.0%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, and 221 (48.9%) showed multiple-antibiotic resistance, thereby implying that multiple-antibiotic resistant Salmonella organisms are widespread in chicken meat in Japan. Resistance to oxytetracycline was most common (72.6%), followed by dihydrostreptomycin (69.2%) and bicozamycin (49.1%). This study, the first to report Salmonella prevalence in chicken meat throughout Japan, could provide valuable data for monitoring and controlling Salmonella infection in the future.

scholarly journals Sacroiliitis caused by Salmonella typhi

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (07) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Ulug ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Celen ◽  
Mehmet Faruk Geyik ◽  
Salih Hosoglu ◽  
Celal Ayaz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Sacroiliac Joint ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Endemic Areas

Although the commonest manifestation of Salmonella infection is acute gastroenteritis, infection may spread to the blood-stream may and the illness can present with focal lesions in almost any organ with or without septicemia. We describe here a case of Salmonella typhi infection of a sacroiliac joint that was cured with ciprofloxacin therapy for six weeks. The patient was immunologically normal. Salmonella etiology was not suspected in this case, and the diagnosis was made only after bacterial isolation. Physicians should be aware of this rare manifestation of Salmonella infection, especially in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella in chickens, sewage, and workers of broiler farms in selected areas of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1155-1166
Author(s):  
Sudipta Talukder ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Amit Kumar Mandal ◽  
Syeda Tanjina Tasmim ◽  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
On Farm

Introduction: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and AMR pattern of Salmonella isolated from broiler chickens, farm sewage, and farm workers. This study also aimed at identifying the risk factors for Salmonella infection in chickens. Methodology: Cloacal swabs (n = 50) from broiler chickens, farm sewage (n = 50), and hand washed water of farm workers (n = 50) were collected along with data on farm management and antimicrobial usage from 50 broiler farms of Mymensingh and Gazipur districts. All samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella using selective media and PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done for ten antimicrobials by disk diffusion test. Risk factor analyses were carried out by multivariable logistic regression using SPSS. Results: The overall Salmonella prevalence was 66% (99/150). Salmonella prevalence were 82% and 72% in cloacal swabs and farm sewage samples, respectively. From hand washed water, 44% of the samples were positive for Salmonella. Salmonella infection in broiler chickens was significantly associated with farming experience (≤ 5 years) and age of birds (≥ 11 days). Similar pattern of antimicrobial resistance was observed in Salmonella isolated from three types of samples, and high resistances were observed to colistin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime. Moreover, isolates from all the three sources showed high percentage of multidrug-resistance (80.6% to 97.6%). Conclusions: The findings of this study reveal that antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella are prevailing at animal-human-environment interface, which needs an integrated approach to limit further spread of AMR.

Evaluation of Subtherapeutic Use of the Antibiotics Apramycin and Carbadox on the Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Infection in Swine

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2067-2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS S. EDRINGTON ◽  
ROGER B. HARVEY ◽  
LEIGH A. FARRINGTON ◽  
DAVID J. NISBET
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Central Plant

The antibiotics apramycin and carbadox were fed to growing swine, and the prevalence of Salmonella isolates that are resistant to apramycin and related aminoglycoside antibiotics was examined. Three hundred twelve Salmonella-positive pigs raised on one of five farms in an integrated swine operation and slaughtered at a central plant were used. All farms fed carbadox during the grower phase, and two farms administered apramycin during the first 21 days of age. Ileocolic lymph nodes and cecal contents were sampled at slaughter. One hundred of the 312 pigs were randomly selected to examine apramycin- and carbadox-resistant Salmonella infection, while all 312 pigs were used to evaluate the association between apramycin exposure and infection with Salmonella organisms resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. Antimicrobial resistance was determined using disk diffusion and breakpoint concentrations. Apramycin treatment appeared to have little effect on apramycin- (12.5 versus 20.9%) or streptomycin- (76.4 versus 73.5%) resistant Salmonella isolates when averaged across farms and compared to control animals. Feeding carbadox resulted in carbadox-resistant Salmonella infection in only 5.3% of the isolates on one farm. The prevalence of amikacin-, gentamicin-, and kanamycin-resistant Salmonella isolates on farms feeding apramycin and carbadox were 0, 0, and 1.8%, respectively. Serogroup B was the most prevalent serogroup isolated, followed by C1 and E1. Apramycin and carbadox treatment did not appear to have any effect on the serogroup isolated. Subtherapeutic use of carbadox and apramycin did not appear to increase the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in market-age swine.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella in Northeast Tunisia Broiler Flocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Walid Oueslati ◽  
Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi ◽  
Hayet Benyedem ◽  
Aymen Mamlouk ◽  
Fatma Souissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistant Strains

This study was conducted in northeastern Tunisia to estimate both the prevalence and the risk factors of Salmonella in broiler flocks as well as to characterize the isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains. In the present study, a total number of 124 farms were sampled; Salmonella isolates were identified by the alternative technique VIDAS Easy Salmonella. The susceptibility of Salmonella isolates was assessed against 21 antimicrobials using the disk diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar using antimicrobial discs. Some antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using PCR. The prevalence rate of Salmonella infection, in the sampled farms, was estimated at 19.9% (64/322). Moreover, a total number of 13 different serotypes were identified. High rate of resistance was identified against nalidixic acid (82.85%), amoxicillin (81.25%), streptomycin (75%), and ciprofloxacin (75%). Alarming level of resistance to ertapenem (12.5%) was noticed. A total of 87.5% (56/64) of isolated strains were recognized as MDR. Three MDR strains were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producers and three MDR strains were cephalosporinase-producers. The blaCTX-M gene was amplified in all the three ESBL strains. The qnrB gene was not amplified in fluoroquinolones-resistant strains. The tetA and tetB genes were amplified in 5% (2/40) and 2.5% (1/40) of tetracycline-resistant strains, respectively. The dfrA1 gene was amplified in five of the 20 trimethoprim-resistant strains. The mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr-5 genes were not amplified in any of the phenotypically colistin-resistant strains. In terms of integrase genes int1 and int2, only gene class 2 was amplified in 11% (7/64) of analyzed strains. Risk factors, such as the poor level of cleaning and disinfection, the lack of antimicrobial treatment at the start of the breeding, and a crawl space duration lower than 15 days, were associated with high Salmonella infection in birds. These data should be considered when preparing salmonellosis control programs in Tunisian broiler flocks.

A Sensitive On-Grid Immunoelectron Microscopic Procedure for Diagnosis of Rotavirus Infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
M. F. Miller ◽  
A. R. Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Aggregation Process ◽  
Microscopic Technique ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Number Of Particles

Studies of rotavirus particles in humans, monkeys and various non-primates with acute gastroenteritis have involved detection of virus in fecal material by electron microscopy. The EM techniques most commonly employed have been the conventional negative staining (Fig. 1) and immune aggregation (Fig. 2) procedures. Both methods are somewhat insensitive and can most reliably be applied to samples containing large quantities of virus either naturaLly or as a result of concentration by ultracentrifugation. The formation of immune complexes by specific antibody in the immune aggregation procedures confirms the rotavirus diagnosis, but the number of particles per given microscope field is effectively reduced by the aggregation process. In the present communication, we describe use of an on-grid immunoelectron microscopic technique in which rotavirus particles are mounted onto microscope grids that were pre-coated with specific antibody. The technique is a modification of a method originalLy introduced by Derrick (1) for studies of plant viruses.

Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is important for fas ligand on NKT cells, may contribute to liver injury induced by Salmonella infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A357-A357
Author(s):  
H SHIMIZU ◽  
Y FUKUDA ◽  
I NAKANO ◽  
Y KATANO ◽  
K NAGANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2
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