Temporal and Spatial Distribution ofCronobacterIsolates in a Milk Powder Processing Plant Determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Hein ◽  
Boris Gadzov ◽  
Dagmar Schoder ◽  
Helmut Foissy ◽  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Sources of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination in a Cold-Smoked Rainbow Trout Processing Plant Detected by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Typing

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Autio ◽  
Sebastian Hielm ◽  
Maria Miettinen ◽  
Anna-Maija Sjöberg ◽  
Kaarina Aarnisalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Raw Fish

ABSTRACT Sites of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a cold-smoked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) processing plant were detected by sampling the production line, environment, and fish at different production stages. Two lots were monitored. The frequency of raw fish samples containing L. monocytogenes was low. During processing, the frequency of fish contaminated with L. monocytogenes clearly rose after brining, and the most contaminated sites of the processing plant were the brining and postbrining areas. A total of 303 isolates from the raw fish, product, and the environment were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE yielded nine pulsotypes, which formed four clusters. The predominating L. monocytogenespulsotypes of the final product were associated with brining and slicing, whereas contaminants of raw fish were not detected in the final product. Air-mediated contamination in the plant could not be proved. In accordance with these results, an L. monocytogenes eradication program was planned. The use of hot steam, hot air, and hot water seemed to be useful in eliminatingL. monocytogenes. None of the control samples taken in the 5 months after the eradication program was implemented containedL. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Nontyphoidal Salmonellae in United Kingdom Badgers: Prevalence and Spatial Distribution

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4312-4315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sian Wilson ◽  
Sarah M. Hazel ◽  
Nicola J. Williams ◽  
Amos Phiri ◽  
Nigel P. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field

ABSTRACT Eighteen (72%) of 25 badger social groups were found to excrete Salmonella enterica serovar Ried, S. enterica serovar Binza, S. enterica serovar Agama, or S. enterica serovar Lomita. Each serovar was susceptible to a panel of antimicrobials. Based on results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the S. enterica serovar Agama and S. enterica serovar Binza isolates were very similar, but two clones each of S. enterica serovar Lomita and S. enterica serovar Ried were found. Badgers excreting S. enterica serovar Agama were spatially clustered.

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in Broilers at the Abattoir, Processing Plant, and Retail Level

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 994-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA K. MIETTINEN ◽  
LIISA PALMU ◽  
K. JOHANNA BJÖRKROTH ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Processing Plants

The environment and products from two broiler abattoirs and processing plants and raw broiler pieces at the retail level were sampled for Listeria monocytogenes in order to evaluate the contamination level of the broiler carcasses and products. Sampling started in the slaughtering process and finished with raw broiler meat or ready-to-eat cooked product. Sampling sites positive for L. monocytogenes at the broiler abattoir were the air chiller, the skin-removing machine, and the conveyor belt leading to the packaging area. The L. monocytogenes contamination rate varied from 1 to 19% between the two plants studied. Furthermore, 62% (38 of 61) of the raw broiler pieces, bought from retail stores, were positive for L. monocytogenes. Altogether, 136 L. monocytogenes isolates were obtained for serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) characterization performed with two rare-cutting enzymes (ApaI and AscI). Altogether three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2c, and 4b) and 14 different PFGE types were obtained using information provided from both ApaI and AscI patterns for discrimination basis. The two broiler abattoirs studied did not share the same PFGE types. However, the same PFGE types found in the raw broiler pieces at the retail level were also found in the broiler abattoirs where the broilers had been slaughtered.

Detection and Genotyping of Leuconostoc spp. in a Sausage Processing Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2170-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. PADILLA-FRAUSTO ◽  
L. G. CEPEDA-MARQUEZ ◽  
L. M. SALGADO ◽  
M. H. ITURRIAGA ◽  
S. M. ARVIZU-MEDRANO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Conveyor Belts

Some Leuconostoc spp. have the ability to produce slime and undesirable compounds in cooked sausage. The objectives of this research were to identify Leuconostoc sources in a Vienna-type sausage processing plant and to evaluate the genetic diversity of the isolated strains. Three hundred and two samples of sausage batter, sausages during processing, spoiled sausage, equipment surfaces, chilling brine, workers' gloves and aprons, and used casings were collected (March to November 2008 and February to April 2010) from a sausage processing plant. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were quantified, and Leuconostoc were detected using PCR. Strains were isolated and identified in Leuconostoc-positive samples. Leuconostoc strains were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. LAB content of nonspoiled and spoiled sausage ranged from <0.8 to 4.4 log CFU/g and from 4.9 to 8.3 log CFU/g, respectively. LAB levels on equipment surfaces ranged from <1.3 to 4.8 log CFU/100 cm2. Leuconostoc was detected in 35% of the samples, and 88 Leuconostoc spp. strains were isolated and genotyped. The main Leuconostoc spp. isolated were L. mesenteroides (37 genotypes), L. fallax (29 genotypes), and L. lactis (6 genotypes). Some strains of Leuconostoc isolated from equipment surfaces and sausages showed the same genotype. One L. lactis genotype included strains isolated from spoiled sausages analyzed in April 2008 and March to April 2010. Equipment and conveyor belts constitute Leuconostoc contamination sources. Leuconostoc persistence in the sausage processing environment and in the final product suggests the existence of microbial reservoirs, possibly on equipment surfaces.

Source Tracking of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Contamination in the Lairage Environment at Commercial U.S. Beef Processing Plants and Identification of an Effective Intervention†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1752-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
NORASAK KALCHAYANAND ◽  
DAVID A. KING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Processing Plants

Transportation from the feedlot and lairage at the processing plant have been identified as potential sources of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella hide contamination. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive tracking analysis of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella associated with beef cattle from the feedlot through processing. Cattle (n = 581) were sampled in a feedlot, then transported in multiple lots to three commercial, fed beef processing plants in the United States, where they were sampled again. Samples were collected from the tractor trailers prior to loading cattle and from the lairage environment spaces prior to entry of the study cattle. Pathogen prevalence on cattle hides increased on every lot of cattle between exiting the feedlot and beginning processing. Prior to loading cattle, E. coli O157:H7 was found in 9 (64%) of 14 tractor trailers. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in over 60% of the samples from each lairage environment area, while Salmonella was detected in over 70% of the samples from each lairage environment area. E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella isolates (n 3,645) were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The results of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis tracking indicate that the transfer of bacteria onto cattle hides that occurs in the lairage environments of U.S beef processing plants accounts for a larger proportion of the hide and carcass contamination than does the initial bacterial population found on the cattle exiting the feedlot. Finally, the results of this study indicate that hide wash cabinets are effective in removing contamination derived from the lairage environment.

Use of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis To Monitor a Five-Strain Mixture of Listeria monocytogenes in Frankfurter Packages†

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA C. S. PORTO ◽  
LAURA WONDERLING ◽  
JEFFREY E. CALL ◽  
JOHN B. LUCHANSKY
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Pork Sausage ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Potassium Lactate ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B

In a previous study, the viability of a five-strain mixture of Listeria monocytogenes (including Scott A [serotype 4b, clinical isolate], 101M [serotype 4b, beef-pork sausage isolate], F6854 [serotype 1/2a, turkey frankfurter isolate], H7776 [serotype 4b, frankfurter isolate], and MFS-2 [serotype 1/2a, pork plant isolate]) was monitored during refrigerated storage of frankfurters prepared with and without 3.0% added potassium lactate. Throughout a 90-day period of storage at 4°C, the initial inoculum level of 20 CFU per package remained relatively constant in packages containing frankfurters prepared with potassium lactate, but pathogen counts increased to 4.6 log10 CFU in packages containing frankfurters prepared without added potassium lactate. To determine which of the five strains persisted under these conditions, randomly selected colonies obtained after 28 and 90 days of refrigerated storage of frankfurters were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with the restriction enzyme SmaI to generate distinct banding patterns for each of the five strains. Then, with the use of PFGE as a tool for identification, the percentages of the strains on days 28 and 90 of the growth study were compared. In the absence of any added potassium lactate in the product, 43% of the 58 isolates recovered on day 28 were identified as strain Scott A, 12% were identified as strain 101M, 22% were identified as strain F6854, 10% were identified as strain H7776, and 12% were identified as strain MFS-2. However, by day 90, an appreciable number (83%) of the 60 isolates analyzed were identified as strain MFS-2. In packages containing frankfurters formulated with 3.0% potassium lactate, all five strains were present at frequencies of 5 to 36% among the 19 isolates tested on day 28; however, by day 90, strain MFS-2 made up the statistical majority (63%) of the 27 isolates tested. The results of this study indicate that strain MFS-2, a serotype 1/2a isolate recovered from a pork processing plant, was more persistent than strains Scott A, 101M, F6854, or H7776 during the extended refrigerated storage of frankfurters.

scholarly journals Raw and Processed Fish Show Identical Listeria monocytogenes Genotypes with Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNUKKA MARKKULA ◽  
TIINA AUTIO ◽  
JANNE LUNDÉN ◽  
HANNU KORKEALA
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Fish Product ◽  
Raw Fish

A total of 257 raw fish samples at two different sites were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 4%. From 11 positive samples, nine different L. monocytogenes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes were recovered. From nine pulsotypes recovered from raw fish and 32 pulsotypes shown by 101 fish product isolates, two raw fish and fish product pulsotypes were indistinguishable from each other. Although the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw fish is low, the range of L. monocytogenes strains entering the processing plant in large amounts of raw material is wide. This indicates that the raw material is an important initial contamination source of L. monocytogenes in fish processing plants. This postulation is supported by the identical pulsotypes recovered from both raw and processed fish. Some L. monocytogenes strains entering a plant may thus contaminate and persist in the processing environment, causing recurrent contamination of the final products via processing machines.

scholarly journals Transportation and Lairage Environment Effects on Prevalence, Numbers, and Diversity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Hides and Carcasses of Beef Cattle at Processing†

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
MICHAEL N. GUERINI ◽  
NORASAK KALCHAYANAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Processing ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Hide has been established as the main source of carcass contamination during cattle processing; therefore, it is crucial to minimize the amount of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cattle hides before slaughter. Several potential sources of E. coli O157: H7 are encountered during transportation and in the lairage environment at beef-processing facilities that could increase the prevalence and numbers of E. coli O157:H7 on the hides of cattle. On three separate occasions, samples were obtained from cattle at the feedlot and again after cattle were stunned and exsanguinated at the processing plant (286 total animals). The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 on hides increased from 50.3 to 94.4% between the time cattle were loaded onto tractor-trailers at the feedlot and the time hides were removed in the processing plant. Before transport, nine animals had E. coli O157:H7 in high numbers (>0.4 CFU/cm2) on their hides. When sampled at the slaughter facility, the number of animals with high hide numbers had increased to 70. Overall, only 29% of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates collected postharvest (221 of 764) matched pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types collected before transport. The results of this study indicate that transport to and lairage at processing plants can lead to increases in the prevalence and degree of E. coli O157:H7 contamination on hides and the number of E. coli O157:H7 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types associated with the animals. More study is needed to confirm the mechanism by which additional E. coli O157:H7 strains contaminate cattle hides during transport and lairage and to design interventions to prevent this contamination.

Monitoring Hygiene On- and At-Line Is Critical for Controlling Listeria monocytogenes during Produce Processing

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRYSTYNA PAPPELBAUM ◽  
KATHARINA GRIF ◽  
INGRID HELLER ◽  
REINHARD WÜRZNER ◽  
INGEBORG HEIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Plant Environment

The prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in different types of produce and on processing plant environments was investigated over a 4-year period in a large produce processing plant in Poland. Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 46% in frozen vegetables and 41.3% in swab samples taken from the plant environment. Survival studies using artificial inocula demonstrated that the number of Listeria in frozen produce stored for 100 days did not significantly decrease in relation to the initial contamination level. A subset of 129 L. monocytogenes isolates originating from produce and the plant environment were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Seventy-six of these isolates were retyped by ribo- and serotyping. Thirteen pulsotypes and 18 ribotypes were distinguished. Persistent Listeria isolates were found even when cleansing and sanitization was applied on a daily basis. Nine (69.2%) of 13 pulsotypes were recovered during a period of more than 2 years. L. monocytogenes of the same pulsotype was isolated from broccoli sampled directly before and after blanching, thus suggesting that blanching at 92 to 95°C for 4 to 8 min did not result in a Listeria-free product, most likely due to massive recontamination. This finding is of importance since blanching is the only critical control point in produce processing. Cross-contamination between the two lines was demonstrated through isolating L. monocytogenes strains indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from contaminated gloves and floor surfaces.

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