Temporal Incidence and Prevalence of Bronchitis and Morbidities from Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and PM10

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Patrick Amoatey ◽  
Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi ◽  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Siddiqi ◽  
Alessandra De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Temporal Incidence

Effect of transport measures and curfew against COVID-19 spread on air pollution (TSP) in Ecuador’s three most populous cities

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
State Level ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Total Suspended Particulates ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Future Consequences

Although current circumstances pose challenges to foretelling the future consequences of coronavirus spread, we consider environmental load-related researches became more and more important nowadays perhaps as never before. Many experts believe that the increasingly dire public health emergency situation, policy makers and word leaders should make it possible that the COVID-19 outbreak contributes to a transition of sustainable consumption. With the purpose of contributing to rethink the importance of sustainability efforts, here we present total suspended particulates (TSP) results which represent traffic emission caused air pollution in the three most populous cities of Ecuador obtained before, during, and after the: (i) the traffic measures entered into force on state level; (ii) curfew entered into force on state level; (iii) and quarantine entered into force (in Guayaquil, and whole Guayas province). We documented significant decrease in TSP emissions (PM2.5 and PM10) compared to normal traffic operation obtained from some four lanes roads in Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca. The most remarkable fall in suspended particulate values (96.47% decrease in PM2.5) compared to emission observed before traffic measures occurred in Cuenca.

scholarly journals The On-Line Integrated Mesoscale Chemistry Model BOLCHEM

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Rita Cesari ◽  
Tony Christian Landi ◽  
Massimo D’Isidoro ◽  
Mihaela Mircea ◽  
Felicita Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Integration Step ◽  
Chemistry Transport Model ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
On Line ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Monitoring Service

This work presents the on-line coupled meteorology–chemistry transport model BOLCHEM, based on the hydrostatic meteorological BOLAM model, the gas chemistry module SAPRC90, and the aerosol dynamic module AERO3. It includes parameterizations to describe natural source emissions, dry and wet removal processes, as well as the transport and dispersion of air pollutants. The equations for different processes are solved on the same grid during the same integration step, by means of a time-split scheme. This paper describes the model and its performance at horizontal resolution of 0.2∘× 0.2∘ over Europe and 0.1∘× 0.1∘ in a nested configuration over Italy, for one year run (December 2009–November 2010). The model has been evaluated against the AIRBASE data of the European Environmental Agency. The basic statistics for higher resolution simulations of O3, NO2 and particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5 and PM10) have been compared with those from Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) ensemble median. In summer, for O3 we found a correlation coefficient R of 0.72 and mean bias of 2.15 over European domain and a correlation coefficient R of 0.67 and mean bias of 2.36 over Italian domain. PM10 and PM2.5 are better reproduced in the winter, the latter with a correlation coefficient R of 0.66 and the mean bias MB of 0.35 over Italian domain.

scholarly journals Can Architectural Surfaces Capture Atmospheric Particulate Matter Like Trees? A Design Strategy to Mimic Leaf Traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7637
Author(s):  
Taekyoung Lee ◽  
Jieun Cha ◽  
Sohyun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Porous Surface ◽  
Base Surface ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cluster Pattern

Trees’ ability to capture atmospheric Particular Matter (PM) is related to morphological traits (shape, size, and micro-morphology) of the leaves. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out whether cluster pattern of the leaves is also a parameter that affects trees’ PM capturing performance and (2) to apply the cluster patterns of the leaves on architectural surfaces to confirm its impact on PM capturing performance. Two series of chamber experiments were designed to observe the impact of cluster patterns on PM capturing performance whilst other influential variables were controlled. First, we exposed synthetic leaf structures of different cluster patterns (a large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern and a small and densely arranged cluster pattern) to artificially generated PM in a chamber for 60 min and recorded the changing levels of PM2.5 and PM10 every minute. The results confirmed that the small and densely arranged cluster pattern has more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than the large and sparsely arranged cluster pattern. Secondly, we created three different types of architectural surfaces mimicking the cluster patterns of the leaves: a base surface, a folded surface, and a folded and porous surface. The surfaces were also exposed to artificially generated PM in the chamber and the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were recorded. The results confirmed that the folded and porous surface has a more significant effect on reducing PM2.5 and PM10 than other surfaces. The study has confirmed that the PM capturing performance of architectural surfaces can be improved by mimicking cluster pattern of the leaves.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Particulate Matter Pollution in the Urban Areas of Croatia, EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Martina Habulan ◽  
Bojan Đurin ◽  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Nikola Sakač
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

Particulate matter (PM) comprises a mixture of chemical compounds and water particles found in the air. The size of suspended particles is directly related to the negative impact on human health and the environment. In this paper, we present an analysis of the PM pollution in urban areas of Croatia. Data on PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were measured with nine instruments at seven stationary measuring units located in three continental cities, namely Zagreb (the capital), Slavonski Brod, and Osijek, and two cities on the Adriatic coast, namely Rijeka and Dubrovnik. We analyzed an hourly course of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and average seasonal PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 2017 to 2019. At most measuring stations, maximum concentrations were recorded during autumn and winter, which can be explained by the intensive use of fossil fuels and traffic. Increases in PM concentrations during the summer months at measuring stations in Rijeka and Dubrovnik may be associated with the intensive arrival of tourists by air during the tourist season, and lower PM concentrations during the winter periods may be caused by a milder climate consequently resulting in lower consumption of fossil fuels and use of electric energy for heating.

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rate in Chile during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7409
Author(s):  
Macarena Valdés Salgado ◽  
Pamela Smith ◽  
Mariel Opazo ◽  
Nicolás Huneeus
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Background: Several countries have documented the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollutants and epidemiological indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as incidence and mortality. This study aims to explore the association between air pollutants, such as PM2.5 and PM10, and the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 during 2020. Methods: The incidence and mortality rates were estimated using the COVID-19 cases and deaths from the Chilean Ministry of Science, and the population size was obtained from the Chilean Institute of Statistics. A chemistry transport model was used to estimate the annual mean surface concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in a period before the current pandemic. Negative binomial regressions were used to associate the epidemiological information with pollutant concentrations while considering demographic and social confounders. Results: For each microgram per cubic meter, the incidence rate increased by 1.3% regarding PM2.5 and 0.9% regarding PM10. There was no statistically significant relationship between the COVID-19 mortality rate and PM2.5 or PM10. Conclusions: The adjusted regression models showed that the COVID-19 incidence rate was significantly associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 and PM10, even after adjusting for other variables.

scholarly journals Analysis of Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Northeast Economic Cooperation Region, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Tian ◽  
Chunsheng Fang ◽  
Jiaxin Qiu ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Peak Pattern ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

The increase in tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has become one of the factors restricting urban development. This paper selected the important economic cooperation areas in Northeast China as the research object and collected the hourly monitoring data of pollutants and meteorological data in 11 cities from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The temporal and spatial variation trend of O3 concentration and the effects of meteorological factors and other pollutants, including CO (carbon monoxide), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and PM2.5 and PM10 (PM particles with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 μm and 10 μm) on ozone concentration were analyzed. At the same time, the variation period of O3 concentration was further analyzed by Morlet wavelet analysis. The results showed that the O3 pollution in the study area had a significant spatial correlation. The spatial distribution showed that the O3 concentration was relatively high in the south and low in the northeast. Seasonally, the O3 concentration was the highest in spring, followed by summer, and the lowest in winter. The diurnal variation of O3 concentration presented a “single peak” pattern. O3 concentration had a significant positive correlation with temperature, sunshine duration, and wind speed and a significant anticorrelation with CO, NO2, SO2, and PM2.5 concentration. Under the time scale of a = 9, 23, O3 had significant periodic fluctuation, which was similar to those of wind speed and temperature.

Impacts of traffic and street characteristics on the exposure of cycling commuters to PM2.5 and PM10 in urban street environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 107476
Author(s):  
Haibin Hu ◽  
Qinghua Chen ◽  
Qingrong Qian ◽  
Conghua Lin ◽  
Yilan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Street ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10
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