Comparative evaluation between one ultrasonic and two single-probe dual energy lithotripters: in vitro and in vivo experiment in a porcine model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Lattarulo ◽  
Arman Tsaturyan ◽  
Constantinos Adamou ◽  
Konstantinos Pagonis ◽  
Angelis Peteinaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
In Vivo Experiment ◽  
Single Probe

scholarly journals Preclinical Testing of Radiopharmaceuticals for the Detection and Characterization of Osteomyelitis: Experiences from a Porcine Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4221
Author(s):  
Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup ◽  
Svend Borup Jensen ◽  
Ole Lerberg Nielsen ◽  
Lars Jødal ◽  
Pia Afzelius
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The development of new and better radioactive tracers capable of detecting and characterizing osteomyelitis is an ongoing process, mainly because available tracers lack selectivity towards osteomyelitis. An integrated part of developing new tracers is the performance of in vivo tests using appropriate animal models. The available animal models for osteomyelitis are also far from ideal. Therefore, developing improved animal osteomyelitis models is as important as developing new radioactive tracers. We recently published a review on radioactive tracers. In this review, we only present and discuss osteomyelitis models. Three ethical aspects (3R) are essential when exposing experimental animals to infections. Thus, we should perform experiments in vitro rather than in vivo (Replacement), use as few animals as possible (Reduction), and impose as little pain on the animal as possible (Refinement). The gain for humans should by far exceed the disadvantages for the individual experimental animal. To this end, the translational value of animal experiments is crucial. We therefore need a robust and well-characterized animal model to evaluate new osteomyelitis tracers to be sure that unpredicted variation in the animal model does not lead to a misinterpretation of the tracer behavior. In this review, we focus on how the development of radioactive tracers relies heavily on the selection of a reliable animal model, and we base the discussions on our own experience with a porcine model.

scholarly journals Strong Antimicrobial and Healing Effects of Beta-Acids from Hops in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected External Wounds In Vivo

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Radek Sleha ◽  
Vera Radochova ◽  
Jiri Malis ◽  
Alexander Mikyska ◽  
Milan Houska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important causative agent of wound infections with increasing incidence in the past decades. Specifically, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes serious problems, especially in nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop of alternative or supportive antimicrobial therapeutic modalities to meet these challenges. Purified compounds from hops have previously shown promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates in vitro. In this study, purified beta-acids from hops were tested for their potential antimicrobial and healing properties using a porcine model of wounds infected by MRSA. The results show highly significant antimicrobial effects of the active substance in both the powder and Ambiderman-based application forms compared to both no-treatment control and treatment with Framycoin. Moreover, the macroscopic evaluation of the wounds during the treatment using the standardized Wound Healing Continuum indicated positive effects of the beta-acids on the overall wound healing. This is further supported by the microscopic data, which showed a clear improvement of the inflammatory parameters in the wounds treated by beta-acids. Thus, using the porcine model, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effects of hops compounds in the management of wounds infected by MRSA. Beta-acids from hops, therefore, represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of non-responsive nosocomial tissue infections by MRSA.

scholarly journals Development of a gel dedicated to gel immersion endoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (06) ◽  
pp. E918-E924
Author(s):  
Tomonori Yano ◽  
Atsushi Ohata ◽  
Yuji Hiraki ◽  
Makoto Tanaka ◽  
Satoshi Shinozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Abstract Backgrounds and study aims Gel immersion endoscopy is a novel technique to secure the visual field during endoscopy. The aim of this study was to develop a dedicated gel for this technique. Methods To identify appropriate viscoelasticity and electrical conductivity, various gels were examined. Based on these results, the dedicated gel “OPF-203” was developed. Efficacy and safety of OPF-203 were evaluated in a porcine model. Results  In vitro experiments showed that a viscosity of 230 to 1900 mPa·s, loss tangent (tanδ) ≤ 0.6, and hardness of 240 to 540 N/cm2 were suitable. Ex vivo experiments showed electrical conductivity ≤ 220 μS/cm is appropriate. In vivo experiments using gastrointestinal bleeding showed that OPF-203 provided clear visualization compared to water. After electrocoagulation of gastric mucosa in OPF-203, severe coagulative necrosis was not observed in the muscularis but limited to the mucosa. Conclusions OPF-203 is useful for gel immersion endoscopy.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of rivastigmine permeation from a transdermal system in the Franz cell using synthetic membranes and pig ear skin with in vivo-in vitro correlation

2016 ◽  
Vol 512 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Simon ◽  
Maria Inês Amaro ◽  
Anne Marie Healy ◽  
Lucio Mendes Cabral ◽  
Valeria Pereira de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Franz Cell ◽  
Synthetic Membranes

Dual-energy CT for the characterization of urinary calculi: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a low-dose scanning protocol

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1553-1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
O. Patschan ◽  
D. Ketelsen ◽  
I. Tsiflikas ◽  
A. Reimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Scanning Protocol

scholarly journals A multi-center comparison of dual energy X-ray absorptiometers: In vivo and in vitro soft tissue measurement

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 312-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
CD Economos ◽  
ME Nelson ◽  
MA Fiatarone ◽  
GE Dallal ◽  
SB Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
X Ray

Cadmium Chloride Induces Memory Deficits and Hippocampal Damage by Activating the JNK/p66Shc/NADPH Oxidase Axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-490
Author(s):  
Attalla Farag El-kott ◽  
Ali S. Alshehri ◽  
Heba S. Khalifa ◽  
Abd-El-karim M. Abd-Lateif ◽  
Mohammad Ali Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vivo Experiment

This study investigated whether the mechanism underlying the neurotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in rats involves p66Shc. This study comprised an initial in vivo experiment followed by an in vitro experiment. For the in vivo experiment, male rats were orally administered saline (vehicle) or CdCl2 (0.05 mg/kg) for 30 days. Thereafter, spatial and retention memory of rats were tested and their hippocampi were used for biochemical and molecular analyses. For the in vitro experiment, control or p66Shc-deficient hippocampal cells were treated with CdCl2 (25 µM) in the presence or absence of SP600125, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Cadmium chloride impaired the spatial learning and retention memory of rats; depleted levels of glutathione and manganese superoxide dismutase; increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6; and induced nuclear factor kappa B activation. Cadmium chloride also decreased the number of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region and induced severe damage to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of cells in the hippocampi of rats. Moreover, CdCl2 increased the total unphosphorylated p66Shc, phosphorylated (Ser36) p66Shc, phosphorylated JNK, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3. A dose–response increase in cell death, ROS, DNA damage, p66Shc, and NADPH oxidase was also observed in cultured hippocampal cells treated with CdCl2. Of note, all of these biochemical changes were attenuated by silencing p66Shc or inhibiting JNK with SP600125. In conclusion, CdCl2 induces hippocampal ROS generation and apoptosis by promoting the JNK-mediated activation of p66Shc.

scholarly journals Decreased airway narrowing and smooth muscle contraction in hyperresponsive pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1296-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra J. Turner ◽  
Peter B. Noble ◽  
Matthew P. Lucas ◽  
Howard W. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Airway Wall ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Airway Narrowing

Increased smooth muscle contractility or reduced smooth muscle mechanical loads could account for the excessive airway narrowing and hyperresponsiveness seen in asthma. These mechanisms were investigated by using an allergen-induced porcine model of airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway narrowing to electric field stimulation was measured in isolated bronchial segments, over a range of transmural pressures (0–20 cmH2O). Contractile responses to ACh were measured in bronchial segments and in isolated tracheal smooth muscle strips isolated from control and test (ovalbumin sensitized and challenged) pigs. Test airways narrowed less than controls ( P < 0.0001). Test pigs showed reduced contractility to ACh, both in isolated bronchi ( P < 0.01) and smooth muscle strips ( P < 0.01). Thus isolated airways from pigs exhibiting airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo are hyporesponsive in vitro. The decreased narrowing in bronchi from hyperresponsive pigs may be related to decreased smooth muscle contractility. These data suggest that mechanisms external to the airway wall may be important to the hyperresponsive nature of sensitized lungs.

Comparative evaluation of the biocompatible and physical–chemical properties of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and polydopamine as coating materials for bacterial cellulose

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai C. ◽  
S. J. Zhang ◽  
L. Y. Sheng ◽  
T. F. Xi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tissue Reaction ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Surface Performance

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and polydopamine (PDA) as coating materials on the tensile strength, surface performance, in vitro cell behavior and the in vivo material-tissue reaction of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes.

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