Assessment of Pyrolytic Biochar as a Solar Absorber Material for Cost-Effective Water Evaporation Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Kiran Hota ◽  
Gerardo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Water

Solar absorber material and system designs for photothermal water vaporization towards clean water and energy production

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Gao ◽  
Liangliang Zhu ◽  
Connor Kangnuo Peh ◽  
Ghim Wei Ho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Water Vaporization ◽  
System Designs

This comprehensive review provides a guide to design photothermal materials and systems for solar-driven water evaporation addressing the water–energy nexus.

Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

Cost Effective Water Shut-Off: Slickline Conveyed High Expansion Ratio Through Tubing Bridge Plug

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdulhadi ◽  
Pei Tze Kueh ◽  
Aiman Zamanuri ◽  
Wai Cheong Thang ◽  
Hon Voon Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Effective Water

Cost-Effective Water-Energy Nexus: A California Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Cutter ◽  
Ben Haley ◽  
Jim Williams ◽  
C.K. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Effective Water

scholarly journals Returning knowledge to the community: an innovative approach to sharing knowledge about drinking water practices in a peri-urban community

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Furlong ◽  
J. Tippett
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Household Bleach ◽  
Capacity For Change ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Effective Water

During previous research into drinking water quality in Peru, it was found that water was becoming contaminated in households, and there was a lack of understanding surrounding this contamination. It was felt that returning these findings to the community could build capacity, enabling people to make more informed choices about drinking water practices. Several participatory methods were explored. Ketso®, a hands-on kit for engagement, was thought to provide the most appropriate approach, and was used to deliver several workshops in the community. Thirty-five participants explored their understanding of drinking water and factors that caused contamination. The method allowed them to explore these factors in depth and to develop several practical and simple solutions. One solution capitalized on a novel finding; participants associated the taste of chlorine with clean water, but were unaware that household bleach could be used as a cost-effective water treatment. Feedback was excellent, with Ketso seen as giving participants space to better understand and question their practices, whilst building capacity for change. This co-production of knowledge also allowed the researcher to gain a better understanding of local knowledge and perceptions. Such innovative knowledge exchange has important implications for future implementation of new water technologies and engineering projects.

scholarly journals Transition Metal-Hyperdoped InP Semiconductors as Efficient Solar Absorber Materials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio García ◽  
Pablo Sánchez-Palencia ◽  
Pablo Palacios ◽  
Perla Wahnón
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Electronic Band ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
Photovoltaic Efficiency ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
New States ◽  
Absorption Features ◽  
Structure Calculations

This work explores the possibility of increasing the photovoltaic efficiency of InP semiconductors through a hyperdoping process with transition metals (TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn). To this end, we investigated the crystal structure, electronic band and optical absorption features of TM-hyperdoped InP (TM@InP), with the formula TMxIn1-xP (x = 0.03), by using accurate ab initio electronic structure calculations. The analysis of the electronic structure shows that TM 3d-orbitals induce new states in the host semiconductor bandgap, leading to improved absorption features that cover the whole range of the sunlight spectrum. The best results are obtained for Cr@InP, which is an excellent candidate as an in-gap band (IGB) absorber material. As a result, the sunlight absorption of the material is considerably improved through new sub-bandgap transitions across the IGB. Our results provide a systematic and overall perspective about the effects of transition metal hyperdoping into the exploitation of new semiconductors as potential key materials for photovoltaic applications.

scholarly journals Partial and Total Substitution of Zn by Mg in the Cu2ZnSnS4 Structure

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Diana M. Mena Romero ◽  
David Victoria Valenzuela ◽  
Cristy L. Azanza Ricardo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Earth Abundant

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) is a quaternary semiconductor that has emerged as a promising component in solar absorber materials due to its excellent optical properties such as band-gap energy of ca. 1.5 eV and significant absorption coefficient in the order of 10 4 cm − 1 . Nevertheless, the energy conversion efficiency of CZTS-based devices has not reached the theoretical limits yet, possibly due to the existence of antisite defects (such as Cu Zn or Zn Cu ) and secondary phases. Based on electronic similarities with Zn, Mg has been proposed for Zn substitution in the CZTS structure in the design of alternative semiconductors for thin-film solar cell applications. This work aims to study the properties of the CZTS having Mg incorporated in the structure replacing Zn, with the following stoichiometry: x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 in the formula Cu 2 Zn 1 − x Mg x SnS 4 (CZ-MTS). The semiconductor was prepared by the hot injection method, using oleylamine (OLA) as both surfactant and solvent. The presence and concentration of incorporated Mg allowed the fine-tuning of the CZ-MTS semiconductor’s structural and optical properties. Furthermore, it was observed that the inclusion of Mg in the CZTS structure leads to a better embodiment ratio of the Zn during the synthesis, thus reducing the excess of starting precursors. In summary, CZ-MTS is a promising candidate to fabricate high efficient and cost-effective thin-film solar cells made of earth-abundant elements.

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