In Situ Remediation of Iron Pipe Leaks with Calcium Carbonate, Silica, and Wood Ash Particles in Potable Water Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Min Tang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Marc Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
In Situ Remediation

A 21st-Century Perspective on Calcium Carbonate Formation in Potable Water Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin S. Richards ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
William C. Becker ◽  
Marc A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Carbonate Formation

A TEM study of the microstructure of avian eggshells

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1102-1103
Author(s):  
S. Q. Xiao ◽  
S. Baden ◽  
A. H. Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
Shell Surface ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Polycrystalline Metals ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nucleation And Growth Mechanisms

The avian eggshell is one of the most rapidly mineralizing biological systems known. In situ, 5g of calcium carbonate are crystallized in less than 20 hrs to fabricate the shell. Although there have been much work about the formation of eggshells, controversy about the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the calcite crystals, and their texture in the eggshell, still remain unclear. In this report the microstructure and microchemistry of avian eggshells have been analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Fresh white and dry brown eggshells were broken and fixed in Karnosky's fixative (kaltitanden) for 2 hrs, then rinsed in distilled H2O. Small speckles of the eggshells were embedded in Spurr medium and thin sections were made ultramicrotome.The crystalline part of eggshells are composed of many small plate-like calcite grains, whose plate normals are approximately parallel to the shell surface. The sizes of the grains are about 0.3×0.3×1 μm3 (Fig.l). These grains are not as closely packed as man-made polycrystalline metals and ceramics, and small gaps between adjacent grains are visible indicating the absence of conventional grain boundaries.

Development of Simulators for In Situ Remediation Evaluation, Design, and Operation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Dortch ◽  
Christian J. McGrath ◽  
John J. Nitao ◽  
Mark A. Widdowson ◽  
Steve Yabusaki
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Evaluation Design

In Situ Remediation of Explosives Contaminated Ground-Water with Sequential Reactive Treatment Zones

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Tratnyek ◽  
Richard L. Johnson ◽  
Timothy L. Johnson ◽  
Rosemarie Miehr
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
In Situ Remediation
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