What Regulates Soil CO2 Concentrations? A Modeling Approach to CO2 Diffusion in Deep Soil Profiles

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neung-Hwan Oh ◽  
Hyun-Seok Kim ◽  
Daniel D. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

scholarly journals Characteristics of soil profile CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in karst areas and their significance for global carbon cycles and climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-538
Author(s):  
Qiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Abstract. CO2 concentrations of 21 soil profiles were measured in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The varying characteristics of soil profile CO2 concentrations are distinguishable between carbonate and noncarbonate areas. In noncarbonate areas, soil profile CO2 concentrations increase and show significant positive correlations with soil depth. In carbonate areas, however, deep-soil CO2 concentrations decrease and have no significant correlations with soil depth. Soil organic carbon is negatively correlated with soil CO2 concentrations in noncarbonate areas. In carbonate areas, such relationships are not clear. This means that the special geological process in carbonate areas – carbonate corrosion – absorbs part of the deep-soil-profile CO2. Isotope and soil pH data also support such a process. A mathematical model simulating soil profile CO2 concentration was proposed. In noncarbonate areas, the measured and the simulated values are almost equal, while the measured CO2 concentrations of deep soils are less than the simulated in carbonate areas. Such results also indicate the occurrence of carbonate corrosion and the consuming of deep-soil CO2 in carbonate areas. The decreased CO2 concentration was roughly evaluated based on stratigraphic unit and farming activities. Soil pH and the purity of CaCO3 in carbonate bedrock deeply affect the corrosion. The corrosion in carbonate areas decreases deep-soil CO2 greatly (accounting for 5.2 %–66.3 % with average of 36 %) and naturally affects the soil CO2 released into the atmosphere. Knowledge of this process is important for karst carbon cycles and global climate changes and it may be a part of the “missing carbon sink”.

scholarly journals Characteristics of soil profile CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in karst areas and its significance for global carbon cycles and climate change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

Abstract. CO2 concentrations of 21 soil profiles were measured in Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. The varying characteristics of soil profile CO2 concentration are distinguishable between carbonate and non-carbonate areas. In non-carbonate areas, soil profile CO2 concentrations increase and show significant positive correlations with soil depth. In carbonate areas, however, deep soil CO2 concentrations decrease and have no significant correlations with soil depth. Soil organic carbon is negatively correlated with soil CO2 concentrations in non-carbonate areas. In carbonate areas, such relationships are not clear. It means the special geological process in carbonate areas- carbonate corrosion- absorbs part of the deep soil profile CO2. Isotope and soil pH data also support such process. Mathematical model simulating soil profile CO2 concentration was proposed. In non-carbonate areas, the measured and the simulated values are almost equal, while the measured CO2 concentrations of deep soils are less than the simulated in carbonate areas. Such results also indicate the occurrence of carbonate corrosion and the consuming of deep soil CO2 in carbonate areas. The decreased CO2 concentration was roughly evaluated based on stratigraphic unit and farming activities. Soil pH and the purity of CaCO3 in carbonate bedrock deeply affect the corrosion. The corrosion in carbonate areas decreases deep soil CO2 greatly (accounting for 10–70 %, with average of 36 %), and naturally affects the soil CO2 released into the atmosphere. Knowledge of this process is important for karst carbon cycles and global climate changes, and it may be a potential part of the missing sink.

Bulk Density Sampler for Deep Soil Profiles

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1220-1223
Author(s):  
K. M. Holtzclaw ◽  
J. M. Rible ◽  
P. F. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Deep Soil

Differential effects of wetting and drying on soil CO2 concentration and flux in near-surface vs. deep soil layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungjin Min ◽  
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe ◽  
Chau Minh Khoi ◽  
Hella van Asperen ◽  
Jeroen Gillabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Soil Co2 Concentration

PSXI-21 Soil emission of carbon dioxide and behavior of microorganisms in soils of Western Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 345-347
Author(s):  
Aliya Nagiyeva ◽  
Nurlan Sergaliyev ◽  
Anuarbek T Bissembayev
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Co2 Intensity

Abstract Kazakhstan Western ecosystems are intensively used in agricultural production. Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from soils, especially CO2, is important. In the upper stages, microbiology, characteristics and condition of the soil change. Biological intensity indicators are soil respiration processes, numerous microbiocenoses species composition. Soil CO2 emissions were measured 5 times monthly during three years. The CO2 flow rate from soil surface is measured by a closed dynamic chamber method with Li-8100A field respirometer. Metagenomic soil testing used bacteria DNA, archaea, real-time PCR, 16SrRNA sequencing. The soil CO2 monthly dynamics fluxes varied among the lands, within the season. In 2020, the CO2 emissions soil peak noted in the pasture. There is a slight decline in summer with a decrease towards the cold season. Comparison between the CO2 flux pasture soils is less in virgin soil. The minimum CO2 flux was recorded in November - February; in the spring, the flux increases. The above CO2 emissions were recorded in summer. In soils, there is wide variety of microorganisms with opposite and incompatible properties for one habitat. The microbial communities structure identified at the family level. The taxonomic samples structure ominated by phylae - Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria. The spread explained by increased actinomycetes resistance characteristic to low moisture content with long dry period. For comparative evaluation microbial communities results comparing by cenoses of upper horizons with dark chestnut soil indicators. This violation caused microorganisms resistance to disturbing factors. On anthropogenically disturbed saline soils, the bacteria found were specific and resistant to critical conditions. CO2 emission in soil varied cenosis type. The CO2 intensity factors were precipitation deficit, high temperature. The profile microorganisms distribution corresponded to the soil horizons humus content. During summer soil drying, the deep soil horizons abundance occurred where moisture is retained.

Nitrate in Deep Soil Profiles in Relation to Fertilizer Rates and Leaching Volume

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Pratt ◽  
W. W. Jones ◽  
V. E. Hunsaker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Effects of a clear-cut harvest on soil respiration in a jack pine - lichen woodland

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G Striegl ◽  
Kimberly P Wickland
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Soil Co2 Emission

Quantification of the components of ecosystem respiration is essential to understanding carbon (C) cycling of natural and disturbed landscapes. Soil respiration, which includes autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration from throughout the soil profile, is the second largest flux in the global carbon cycle. We measured soil respiration (soil CO2 emission) at an undisturbed mature jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stand in Saskatchewan (old jack pine, OJP), and at a formerly continuous portion of the stand that was clear-cut during the previous winter (clear-cut, CC). Tree harvesting reduced soil CO2 emission from ~22.5 to ~9.1 mol CO2 cdot m-2 for the 1994 growing season. OJP was a small net sink of atmospheric CO2, while CC was a net source of CO2. Winter emissions were similar at both sites. Reduction of soil respiration was attributed to disruption of the soil surface and to the death of tree roots. Flux simulations for CC and OJP identify 40% of CO2 emission at the undisturbed OJP site as near-surface respiration, 25% as deep-soil respiration, and 35% as tree-root respiration. The near-surface component was larger than the estimated annual C input to soil, suggesting fast C turnover and no net C accumulation in these boreal uplands in 1994.

Porous tubing for use in monitoring soil CO2 concentrations

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
T DESUTTER ◽  
T SAUER ◽  
T PARKIN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

scholarly journals Estimation of Deep Soil Profiles in Lima Peru

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Calderon ◽  
Fernando Lazares ◽  
Zenon Aguilar ◽  
Toru Sekiguchi ◽  
Shoichi Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Deep Soil

scholarly journals Microbial adaptation in vertical soil profiles contaminated by antimony smelting plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Xu ◽  
Xiaoxu Sun ◽  
Feng Han ◽  
Enzong Xiao ◽  
Baoqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing

Abstract BackgroundSoil microbes play critical roles in the biogeochemical cycling of antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As), and the effects of Sb and As contamination on soil microbiota have been well documented in surface soils (< 0.2 m). However, their effects in deep soils remain poorly understood. This study determined the depth-resolved effects of Sb and As contamination on the microbial adaptation throughout soil profiles (0–2 m) and compared contaminated soil samples to uncontaminated samples.Methods16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were employed to investigate the microbial community and their metabolism traits in soil profiles. Co-occurrence network analysis was used to present the pairwise interactions of microbes.ResultsAs soil depth increased, Acidobacteria (18.8%–44.7% from top to bottom, hereafter), Chloroflexi (8.7%–42.4%), Proteobacteria (11.4%–27.1%), and Thaumarchaeota (0.49%–20.17%) were the most variable phyla from surface to deep soil. A set of co-occurrence networks revealed an obvious changing pattern of microbial interactions as soil depth increased. The networks were loosely connected in the heavily contaminated surface soil but gradually recovered and were well connected in the less contaminated deep soil. Results suggested that individual species became more connected with other patterns to perform syntrophic functions in the less contaminated soil depth. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing results indicated that microbial metabolic potential also changed with soil depth. Genes encoding C metabolism pathways were negatively correlated with Sb and As concentrations. A set of arsenic-related genes was enriched by the high Sb and As contamination but reduced with soil depth. ConclusionsSoil depth-resolved characteristics are often many meters deep and their microbial diversity and community structures obviously change along their vertical soil profiles due to different nutrient contents and biomasses. The significance of this study is that it further reveals how the microbial communities and microbial physiological traits respond to different soil profiles contaminated by high concentrations of Sb and As.

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