The Switch from Sulfonylurea to Preprandial Short- Acting Insulin Analog Substitution Has an Immediate and Comprehensive β-Cell Protective Effect in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pfützner ◽  
Babette Lorra ◽  
Michel R. Abdollahnia ◽  
Peter H. Kann ◽  
Dominik Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Insulin Analog ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Acting Insulin ◽  
Short Acting Insulin

scholarly journals TGF-β1 Gene Polymorphism in Codon 10 +869*C/T and Codon 25 +915*G/C Positions in Iraqi Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Ihsan A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tgf Β1

This study included 50 blood samples that were collected from patients with age ranged between 35-65 years. Thirty samples were collected from patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), while 20 blood samples were collected from healthy individuals as a control sample. The polymorphism results of TGF-β1 gene in codon 10: +869*C/T position by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS-PCR) showed that the T allele was suggested to have a protective effect, while C allele was associated with an increased risk of T2DM. The TT and CT were suggested to have a protective effect, while CC genotype was associated with an increased risk of T2DM. The polymorphism results of TGF-β1 gene in codon 25: +915*G/C position in samples showed that the G allele was suggested to have a protective effect, while C allele was associated with an increased risk of T2DM. The GC genotype was suggested to have a protective effect, while GG and CC genotypes were associated with an increased risk of T2DM.

scholarly journals An Immediate and Long-Term Complication of COVID-19 May Be Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Central Role of β-Cell Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Exploration of Possible Mechanisms

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2475
Author(s):  
Melvin R. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 19 March 2020. This pandemic is associated with markedly elevated blood glucose levels and a remarkable degree of insulin resistance, which suggests pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction or apoptosis and insulin’s inability to dispose of glucose into cellular tissues. Diabetes is known to be one of the top pre-existing co-morbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 along with hypertension, cardiocerebrovascular disease, advanced age, male gender, and recently obesity. This review focuses on how COVID-19 may be responsible for the accelerated development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as one of its acute and suspected long-term complications. These observations implicate an active role of metabolic syndrome, systemic and tissue islet renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, redox stress, inflammation, islet fibrosis, amyloid deposition along with β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis in those who develop T2DM. Utilizing light and electron microscopy in preclinical rodent models and human islets may help to better understand how COVID-19 accelerates islet and β-cell injury and remodeling to result in the long-term complications of T2DM.

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