Association of Trunk/Leg Fat Mass Ratio with Low-Density Lipoproteins-Cholesterol and Triglycerides Concentration in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional, Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-439
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Duran ◽  
Kyriakos Martakis ◽  
Evelyn Alberg ◽  
Miriam Jackels ◽  
Kim Ramona Ewert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

scholarly journals Decreased Muscle-to-Fat Mass Ratio Is Associated with Low Muscular Fitness and High Alanine Aminotransferase in Children and Adolescent Boys in Organized Sports Clubs

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272
Author(s):  
Kai Ushio ◽  
Yukio Mikami ◽  
Hiromune Obayashi ◽  
Hironori Fujishita ◽  
Kouki Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Decreased muscle-to-fat mass ratio (MFR) is associated with pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and may reduce muscular fitness. Regular exercise in sports clubs has not led to reductions in obesity in children and adolescents; they may have decreased MFR. Decreased MFR could cause reduced muscular fitness, which may put them at risk for NAFLD development. We investigated whether MFR is related to muscular fitness and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), to determine whether MFR could be used to screen for NAFLD in children and adolescent boys belonging to sports clubs. Altogether, 113 participants (aged 7–17 years) who underwent body composition, laboratory, and muscular fitness measurements during a medical checkup were divided into tertiles according to their MFR. Lower extremity muscular fitness values were significantly decreased in the lowest MFR tertile (p < 0.001); conversely, serum ALT levels were significantly increased (p < 0.01). Decreased MFR significantly increased the risk of elevated ALT, which requires screening for NAFLD, after adjusting for age, obesity, muscular fitness parameters, and metabolic risk factors (odds ratio = 8.53, 95% confidence interval = 1.60–45.6, p = 0.012). Physical fitness and body composition assessments, focusing on MFR, can be useful in improving performance and screening for NAFLD in children and adolescents exercising in sports clubs.

Dietary, Anthropometric, Blood-Lipid, and Performance Patterns of American College Football Players during 8 Weeks of Training

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle D. Kirwan ◽  
Lindsay K. Kordick ◽  
Shane McFarland ◽  
Denver Lancaster ◽  
Kristine Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Performance Patterns ◽  
And Performance

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine the dietary, anthropometric, blood-lipid, and performance patterns of university-level American football players attempting to increase body mass during 8 wk of training.Methods:Three-day diet records, body composition (DEXA scan), blood lipids, and performance measures were collected in redshirt football players (N = 15, age 18.5 ± 0.6 yr) early season and after 8 wk of in-season training.Results:There was an increase (p < .05) from early-season to postseason testing for reported energy (+45%), carbohydrate (+82%), and protein (+29%) intakes and no change in the intake of fat. Fat intake was 41% of energy at the early-season test and 32% of energy at the postseason test. Increases (p < .05 for all) in performance measures, lean mass (70.5 ± 7.7–71.8 ± 7.7 kg), fat mass (15.9 ± 6.2–17.3 ± 6.8 kg), plasma total cholesterol (193.5 ± 32.4–222.6 ± 40.0 mg/dl), and low-density lipoproteins (LDL; 92.7 ± 32.7–124.5 ± 34.7 mg/dl) were measured. No changes were measured in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoproteins, or high-density lipoproteins.Conclusion:Increases in strength, power, speed, total body mass, muscle mass, and fat mass were measured. Cholesterol and LDL levels increased during the study to levels associated with higher risk for cardiovascular disease. It is possible that this is a temporary phenomenon, but it is cause for concern and an indication that dietary education to promote weight gain in a manner less likely to adversely affect the lipid profile is warranted.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Current ART Regimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tiraboschi ◽  
Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz ◽  
Dolors Giralt ◽  
Carmen Gomez-Vaquero ◽  
Maria Saumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Objectives To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/μL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P &lt; 0.03). Conclusions We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.

scholarly journals Activation of the central melanocortin system in rats persistently reduces body and fat mass independently of caloric reduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Côté ◽  
Sara M. Green ◽  
Drake Morgan ◽  
Christy S. Carter ◽  
Nihal Tümer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Recent evidence indicate that melanotan II (MTII) reduces body mass independently of caloric reduction. Because MTII induces a transient hypophagia, caloric reduction is still considered a primary mechanism for MTII-mediated body mass loss. To examine the contribution of caloric reduction to long-term body mass loss in response to MTII, we centrally infused MTII or vehicle in ad libitum fed (MTII and Control) animals in comparison with a group of animals that were pair-fed (PF) to the MTII group. Food intake and body mass were recorded daily, and body composition was assessed biweekly. The present study demonstrates that central MTII-mediated body mass loss is only partially mediated by caloric restriction, and the long-term body mass loss is independent of the initial hypophagia. More importantly, central MTII administration induced a rapid but sustained fat mass loss, independently of caloric reduction. MTII-treated animals preserved their lean/fat mass ratio throughout the study, whereas PF animals underwent a transient reduction of lean/fat mass ratio that was only normalized when food intake returned to Control level. In summary, it can be concluded that activation of the central melanocortin system in rats persistently reduces body and fat mass independently of caloric reduction.

Fat Mass Ratio: An Objective Tool to Define Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Patients Under Antiretroviral Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Freitas ◽  
Ana Cristina Santos ◽  
Davide Carvalho ◽  
Jorge Pereira ◽  
Rui Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio ◽  
Objective Tool

Association of muscle mass and fat mass on low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride plasma concentration in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriakos Martakis ◽  
Christina Stark ◽  
Mirko Rehberg ◽  
Miriam Jackels ◽  
Eckhard Schoenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration

Abstract Objectives Obesity has often been associated with high low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride plasma concentrations, known risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Study objective was to evaluate the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with muscle and fat mass in children and adolescents. Methods We analyzed data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2004) to estimate lean muscle and fat mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of participants whose lipid profiles had been examined. Fat mass was operationalized by DXA-determined fat mass index (FMI). Muscle mass was assessed by appendicular lean mass index (aLMI). High LDL-C and triglyceride concentration was defined as above 130 mg/dL. Results For the evaluation of the association of LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration with LMI and FMI Z-scores, the data of 2,487 children and adolescents (age 8–19 years) (984 females) were eligible. High aLMI showed no association with LDL-C or triglyceride concentration, but high FMI showed significant association with LDL-C and triglyceride plasma concentration in the bivariate regression analysis. Conclusions Isolated muscle mass increase may not be protective against high LDL-C and triglycerides plasma levels in children and adolescents. Thus, exercise may lead to risk factor reduction mainly through fat mass reduction.

A possible linkage between low density lipoproteins and ischemic stroke.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 712-717
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ullah ◽  
Shahnawaz Hasan Gardezi ◽  
Muhammad Azfar Tanveer ◽  
Kulsoom Baqa ◽  
Asher Fawwad
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Family History ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Objective: To determine the frequency of raised low density lipoproteins (LDL) in subjects with ischemic stroke (IS) in our local population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Medical Unit-III, Nishtar Medical College, Multan. Period: 12 March 2016 to 12 September 2016. Material & Methods: Eligibility criteria include subjects with age limit between 40-70 year of both sex surfing with ischemic stroke. Raised-LDL means serum fasting LDL level ≥ 100 mg/dl was deemed as raised LDL on two different reading 24 hours apart (both was raised). Results: Our study registered a total of 205 patients out of this 92 (44.9%) were male patients while 113 (55.1%) were female with ischemic stroke. Mean height and weight of our study cases was 159.94 ± 11.21 and 68.43 ± 6.33 respectively. Mean BMI was noted to be 23.17± 2.85 kg/m2. Mean LDL level noted in our study was 109.59 ± 49.15 mg/dl and raised level of LDL was seen in 88 (42.9%) of our study cases. Raised level of LDL was observed significant in gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, family history and previous history of stoke. Conclusion: Very high frequency of raised serum LDL levels was noted in our study. Raised LDL were positively linked with male gender, hypertension, family history of stroke, diabetes, obesity and past event of stroke. Our study determines the initial diagnosis of stoke that eventually lead to suitable management to enhance clinical result in such subjects.

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