From Basic Biology to Engineering and Clinical Translation of Stem Cells: Meeting Report on the 8th International Meeting of the Stem Cell Network North Rhine Westphalia

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Görgens ◽  
Peter A. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Meeting Report ◽  
International Meeting ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Basic Biology

scholarly journals Applications of piggyBac Transposons for Genome Manipulation in Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yi Sun ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Gene Therapy Vector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forward Genetic Screens ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Genome Manipulation

Transposons are mobile genetic elements in the genome. The piggyBac (PB) transposon system is increasingly being used for stem cell research due to its high transposition efficiency and seamless excision capacity. Over the past few decades, forward genetic screens based on PB transposons have been successfully established to identify genes associated with drug resistance and stem cell-related characteristics. Moreover, PB transposon is regarded as a promising gene therapy vector and has been used in some clinically relevant stem cells. Here, we review the recent progress on the basic biology of PB, highlight its applications in current stem cell research, and discuss its advantages and challenges.

scholarly journals Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Shamoli Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Basic Biology

ABSTRACT Mesenchymal stem cells have shown great promise as the source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Present research efforts are directed at isolating these cells from various sources, growing them in vitro and maintaining their pluripotency as well as capacity for self renewal. It is crucial to identify the regulatory molecules which directly or indirectly control the proliferative status or influence the niche microenvironment. The main challenge is to understand the basic biology of the stem cells and manipulate them for further therapeutic applications. Considering their malignant potential, stem cells may be a double edged sword. While the benefits of these cells need to be harnessed judiciously, a significant amount of research is required before embarking on widespread use of this tool for the benefit of humanity. How to cite this article Bhattacharyya S. Advances and Applications in Stem Cell Biology. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(2):75-80.

scholarly journals A comprehensive conceptual and computational dynamics framework for Autonomous Regeneration Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Nguyen Minh-Thai ◽  
Sandhya Samarasinghe ◽  
Michael Levin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Damage Detection ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Computational Dynamics ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Tissue Structures ◽  
Pattern Information

AbstractThis paper presents a new conceptual and computational dynamics framework for damage detection and regeneration in multicellular structures similar to living animals. The model uniquely achieves complete and accurate regeneration from any damage anywhere in the system. We demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed framework on an artificial organism consisting of three tissue structures corresponding to the head, body and tail of a worm. Each structure consists of a stem cell surrounded by a tissue of differentiated cells. We represent a tissue as an Auto-Associative Neural Network (AANN) with local interactions and stem cells as a self-repair network with long-range interactions. We also propose another new concept, Information Field which is a mathematical abstraction over traditional components of tissues, to keep minimum pattern information of the tissue structures to be accessed by stem cells in extreme cases of damage. Through entropy, a measure of communication between a stem cell and differentiated cells, stem cells monitor the tissue pattern integrity, violation of which triggers damage detection and tissue repair. Stem cell network monitors its state and invokes stem cell repair in the case of stem cell damage. The model accomplishes regeneration at two levels: In the first level, damaged tissues with intact stem cells regenerate themselves. Here, stem cell identifies entropy change and finds the damage and regenerates the tissue in collaboration with the AANN. In the second level, involving missing whole tissues and stem cells, the remaining stem cell(s) access the information field to restore the stem cell network and regenerate missing tissues. In the case of partial tissue damage with missing stem cells, the two levels collaborate to accurately restore the stem cell network and tissues. This comprehensive hypothetical framework offers a new way to conceptualise regeneration for better understanding the regeneration processes in living systems. It could also be useful in biology for regenerative medicine and in engineering for building self-repairing biobots.

scholarly journals Some hematopoietic stem cells are more equal than others

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanno Hock
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hematopoietic System ◽  
Continuous Progress ◽  
Basic Biology

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) save lives in routine clinical practice every day, as they are the key element in transplantation-based therapies for hematologic malignancies. The success of clinical stem cell transplantation critically relies on the ability of stem cells to reconstitute the hematopoietic system for many decades after the administration of the powerful chemotherapy and/or irradiation that is required to eradicate malignant cells, but also irreversibly ablates patients’ own blood forming capacity. Surprisingly, despite enormous efforts and continuous progress in the field, our understanding of the basic biology of HSCs is still rather incomplete. Several recent studies substantially refine our understanding of the cells at the very top of the hematopoietic hierarchy, and suggest that we may need to revise the criteria we typically use to identify and define HSCs.

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