scholarly journals Functional Evaluation of ES–Somatic Cell Hybrids In Vitro and In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Sumer ◽  
Kitai Kim ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Kitwa Ng ◽  
George Q. Daley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Cell Hybrids

Suppression of the transformed phenotype in somatic cell hybrids

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-190
Author(s):  
C.J. Marshall ◽  
H. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Transformed Cells ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Hybrid Lines

Somatic cell hybrids between mouse mammary tumour cells (TA3B) and diploid rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) or between TA3B and Syrian hamster sarcoma cells (BI) were examined for the in vitro characteristics of transformed cells as soon as possible after cell fusion. Unlike the parental tumour cells as three of four TA3B X REF and five BI X TA3B independent hybrid lines had low colony-forming efficiencies in agar, exhibited density-dependent inhibition of growth and did not form colonies on confluent monolayers of 3T3 cells, demonstrating that the transformed phenotype was suppressed in these hybrids. In addition tests of some of the hybrid lines for tumour production in nude mice showed that this was also suppressed. Suppression was more stable in the TA3B X REF than in the BI X TA3B hybrids, variants of the BI X TA3B hybrids with the properties of transformed cells could be readily isolated by subculturing cells that had grown in agar. Tumour growth selected for hybrids with the characteristics of transformed cells, and derivatives of the hybrids selected to show the transformed phenotype readily produced tumours. These correlations suggest that the transformed phenotype and malignancy may be under the same control in these cells. The phenomenon of suppression may be explained by the hypothesis that neoplastic transformation results from recessive mutations in genes which control the normal phenotype. On this model the finding of suppression in hybrids between two different tumour lines is interpreted as complementation and indicates that the mutations are not the same in all cell lines.

scholarly journals Embryonic hybrid cells: a powerful tool for studying pluripotency and reprogramming of the differentiated cell chromosomes

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLEG SEROV ◽  
NATALIA MATVEEVA ◽  
SERGEY KUZNETSOV ◽  
ELENA KAFTANOVSKAYA ◽  
JOSANE MITTMANN
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Hybrid ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hybrid Cells ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Embryonic Hybrid Cells

The properties of embryonic hybrid cells obtained by fusion of embryonic stem (ES) or teratocarcinoma (TC) cells with differentiated cells are reviewed. Usually, ES-somatic or TC-somatic hybrids retain pluripotent capacity at high levels quite comparable or nearly identical with those of the pluripotent partner. When cultured in vitro, ES-somatic- and TC-somatic hybrid cell clones, as a rule, lose the chromosomes derived from the somatic partner; however, in some clones the autosomes from the ES cell partner were also eliminated, i.e. the parental chromosomes segregated bilaterally in the ES-somatic cell hybrids. This opens up ways for searching correlation between the pluripotent status of the hybrid cells and chromosome segregation patterns and therefore for identifying the particular chromosomes involved in the maintenance of pluripotency. Use of selective medium allows to isolate in vitro the clones of ES-somatic hybrid cells in which "the pluripotent" chromosome can be replaced by "the somatic" counterpart carrying the selectable gene. Unlike the TC-somatic cell hybrids, the ES-somatic hybrids with a near-diploid complement of chromosomes are able to contribute to various tissues of chimeric animals after injection into the blastocoel cavity. Analysis of the chimeric animals showed that the "somatic" chromosome undergoes reprogramming during development. The prospects for the identification of the chromosomes that are involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and its cis- and trans-regulation in the hybrid cell genome are discussed.

scholarly journals Established epigenetic modifications determine the expression of developmentally regulated globin genes in somatic cell hybrids.

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 3969-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Stanworth ◽  
N A Roberts ◽  
J A Sharpe ◽  
J A Sloane-Stanley ◽  
W G Wood
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Beta Gene

Somatic cell hybrids generated from transgenic mouse cells have been used to examine the developmental regulation of human gamma-to-beta-globin gene switching. In hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and transgenic erythroblasts taken at various stages of development, there was regulated expression of the human fetal gamma and adult beta genes, reproducing the in vivo pattern prior to fusion. Hybrids formed from embryonic blood cells produced predominantly gamma mRNA, whereas beta gene expression was observed in adult hybrids and a complete range of intermediate patterns was found in fetal liver hybrids. The adult environment of the MEL cells, therefore, did not appear to influence selective transcription from this gene complex. Irradiation of the embryonic erythroid cells prior to fusion resulted in hybrids containing only small fragments of donor chromosomes, but the pattern of gene expression did not differ from that of unirradiated hybrids. This finding suggests that continued expression of trans-acting factors from the donor erythroblasts is not necessary for continued expression of the human gamma gene in MEL cells. These results contrast with the lack of developmental regulation of the cluster after transfection of naked DNA into MEL cells and suggest that epigenetic processes established during normal development result in the gene cluster adopting a developmental stage-specific, stable conformation which is maintained through multiple rounds of replication and transcription in the MEL cell hybrids. On prolonged culture, hybrids that initially expressed only the gamma transgene switched to beta gene expression. The time period of switching, from approximately 10 to > 40 weeks, was similar to that seen previously in human fetal erythroblast x MEL cell hybrids but in this case bore no relationship to the time of in vivo switching. It seems unlikely, therefore, that switching in these hybrids is regulated by a developmental clock.

scholarly journals Independent regulation of H-2K and H-2D gene expression in murine teratocarcinoma somatic cell hybrids.

1980 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gmür ◽  
D Solter ◽  
B B Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Clones

Cells of two teratocarcinoma stem cell lines (PCC4 azaguanine [aza] 1 and F9 5-bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU]) were fused with normal mouse spleen cells and mouse thymoma-derived cells (BW 5147), respectively. Hybrid clones were tested for the expression of molecules coded by the H-2K and -2D genes both by absorption analysis of conventional H-2 sera and by indirect antibody-binding radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies. Somatic cell hybrids between PCC4 aza 1 and spleen cells morphologically resemble teratocarcinoma stem cells and do not express H-2 antigens. However, after differentiation in vitro, one of these hybrid clones expresses the H-2K and -2D gene products of both parental cell lines, one close expresses H-2-D- but not H-2K-coded antigenic determinants, and one clone remains H-2 negative. Somatic cell hybrids between F9 BrdU and BW 5147 resemble fibroblasts. Analysis of a series of hybrid clones revealed some clones that express both the H-2K- and H-2D-coded antigenic specificities of both parental alleles, some that express H-2D gene products strongly and the H-2K gene products very weakly, and some that express H-2D- but not H-2K-coded molecules. These results imply independent regulation of expression of the H-2K and -2D genes. The H-2D gene products appear to be preferentially expressed if the hybrid cells are capable of expressing H-2. The results suggest complex regulatory mechanisms that are H-2K and H-2D specific.

Novel strategies for eutherian x marsupial somatic cell hybrids: mapping the genome of Monodelphisdomestica

1997 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Nesterova ◽  
A.A. Isaenko ◽  
N.M. Matveeva ◽  
A.G. Shilov ◽  
N.B. Rubtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Cell Hybrids

Extinction of expression of the translocatedmyc gene in somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma and l-cells

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Greenberg ◽  
Mohammad Huazzi ◽  
Hava Sharir ◽  
Lea Cohen ◽  
Yehudit Bergman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Hybrids ◽  
Cell Hybrids ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Mouse Myeloma
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