The Validity of the World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition in Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Somma ◽  
Lenard A. Adler ◽  
Giulia Gialdi ◽  
Martina Arteconi ◽  
Elisabetta Cotilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Self Report ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Screening Scale

scholarly journals Development and verification of internal structure of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatha Tiago BACCIOTTI ◽  
Lucas de Francisco CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory, a self-report instrument for assessing symptoms as well as to verify the internal structure of the instrument. Based on the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic criteria, the Screening Inventory was developed and administered. The participants were 421 individuals divided into two groups, with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. The instrument items were analyzed and validated for content by a panel of expert judges. It was found that the instrument structure is composed of two factors, namely, Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). In general, the observed data provided validity evidence based on content and internal structure of the instrument, which complies with the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, proving to be a favorable instrument for the investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Adults.

The Epidemiology of Adult ADHD

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S12) ◽  
pp. 6-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Information

Until recently, little was known about the epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Bottom-up studies following children with ADHD into adolescence had shown variable rates of persistence, some of which depended on the definitions used. The traditional diagnosis was complicated by the introduction of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, which stated that ADHD could be diagnosed with inattentive symptoms alone. This resulted in diagnostic inconsistency as earlier investigations demanded the presence of hyperactivity while others did not. Diagnosis also depended on the site, the cohort, whether interviews versus rating scales were employed, and whether the subject or their parent were the source of information.

scholarly journals Increasing Diagnostic Emphasis on Negative Affective Dysfunction: Potentially Negative Consequences for Psychiatric Classification and Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Maladaptive experiences of negative mood states and difficulties regulating them, collectively referred to here as “negative affective dysfunction,” are linked robustly to many disorders. Despite negative affective dysfunction being a non-specific psychopathology feature, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) introduced new (a) disorders and (b) features to existing disorders intended to capture manifestations of negative affective dysfunction. This theoretical article highlights why these additions may exacerbate issues concerning disorder overlap and differential diagnosis. Specific examples are provided to support this viewpoint, including potential consequences of emphasizing negative affective dysfunction within the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria. Although researchers likely will continue to disagree about how to best classify negative affective dysfunction (e.g., using dimensions versus categories), it is argued that we can reach common ground as a field by recognizing that caution is needed when proposing new DSM additions to capture non-specific psychopathology features.

scholarly journals Omnidirectional robot for the diagnosis of the attention deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Richard Camilo Bravo Angarita ◽  
Ivan Fernando Vargas Ochoa ◽  
Cesar Augusto Peña Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design For Children

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurs in 16% of the Colombian student population and estimates that between 30-70% of these children continue to show symptoms in adulthood. Thus, a tool is proposed for the professional to support his diagnosis according to the criteria offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS). An omnidirectional platform is implemented, striking for its design, for children, adolescents and that becomes a concentration challenge for adults.With an Electroencephalography (EEG) helmet a brain wave reading is made; with the help of a Computer Brain Interface (BCI) you can have the reading of facial gestures, having said reading is implemented to control the omnidirectional platform, with the same BCI you also have the reading of concentration, stress, excitation, etc. of individuals; Thus, the professional in the area can support his diagnosis according to several factors, such as: EEG interpretation, emotional data (concentration, stress, excitement ...), and the observation of the individual. The evaluation of the patient makes the health professional, generating some challenges to overcome the platform and interpreting the different data according to their professional criteria.

scholarly journals Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Psychology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris R. Brewin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Health Organization

Severe reactions to experiences such as combat and railway accidents have been described since the mid-19th century by numerous physicians, including Sigmund Freud and Pierre Janet. These descriptions include two types of characteristic symptoms: dissociative symptoms, in which there is a general disturbance in normal mental functions, such as memory, consciousness, time estimation, sense of reality, and identity, and reexperiencing symptoms, in which the traumatic event is vividly relived as though it were happening all over again in the present. Despite this early recognition, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was formally defined only in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1980). Prior to this, exposure to stress was assumed to produce only short-term problems in adjustment. In the DSM-III, PTSD required exposure to “a recognizable stressor that would evoke significant symptoms of distress in almost everyone” (p. 238) and was “outside the range of normal human experience” (p. 236). In addition four symptoms had to be present reflecting reexperiencing of the traumatic event, numbing and detachment, and a more pervasive change in arousal or emotions. The introduction of the disorder in the DSM-III was strongly influenced by studies of combat veterans and women in violent relationships, which suggested the existence of more long-lasting psychiatric conditions, variously termed “combat neurosis,” “rape trauma syndrome,” or “battered women syndrome.” The PTSD diagnosis was designed to subsume these syndromes and capture what was considered to be an essentially normal response to any overwhelming trauma. This made it unlike other psychiatric disorders, which all implied some vulnerability on the part of the person who succumbed to it. The definition was refined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III-R published in 1987, which introduced more symptoms and required at least one reexperiencing symptom (e.g., intrusive memories or nightmares), three avoidance or numbing symptoms (e.g., avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event or loss of interest in activities), and two hyperarousal symptoms (e.g., exaggerated startle or irritability). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV, introduced in 1994, retained a similar structure. The 2013 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 increased the number of symptoms from seventeen to twenty and reorganized them into four symptom clusters, reexperiencing, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. In 1992 PTSD also appeared in another major international classification system, the tenth edition of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1992–1994). This formulation placed more emphasis on “episodes of repeated reliving of the trauma in intrusive memories (‘flashbacks’) or dreams” and also identified avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal as central features. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2019) greatly simplified the PTSD diagnosis, requiring one out of two reexperiencing symptoms, one out of two avoidance symptoms, and one out of two sense of threat symptoms, along with impairment in functioning.

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