scholarly journals Emotional Expression During Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders Treatment: Initial Assessment of Treatment Effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Kratochvil ◽  
D. Faries ◽  
B. Vaughan ◽  
A. Perwien ◽  
J. Busner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders ◽  
Assessment Of Treatment Effects ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorders

Learning and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders as Risk Factors for Prolonged Concussion Recovery in Children and Adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alexia K. Martin ◽  
Ashley J. Petersen ◽  
Heather W. Sesma ◽  
Mary B. Koolmo ◽  
Katherine M. Ingram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Return To School ◽  
Symptom Recovery ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorders

Abstract Objective: Examine pre-existing learning disorders (LD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) as risk factors for prolonged recovery and increased symptomology following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children/adolescents (5-17 years) with mTBI who presented to a Children’s Minnesota Concussion Clinic between April 2018 and March 2019. Differences across strata of pre-existing conditions (present vs. absent) in time to recovery measures were estimated via Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses and differences in symptom trajectories were examined via linear mixed-effects regression models. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex and other confounders. Results: In our cohort of 680 mTBI patients, those with LD (n = 70) or ADHD (n = 107) experienced significantly longer median durations of symptoms (58 and 68 days, respectively) than those without (43 days). Accordingly, LD was significantly associated with delayed symptom recovery (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.16–2.29), return to school (1.47, 1.08–2.00), and return to physical activity (1.50, 1.10–2.04). Likewise, ADHD was associated with delayed recovery (1.69, 1.28–2.23), return to school (1.52, 1.17–1.97) and physical activity (1.55, 1.19–2.01). Further, patients with LD or ADHD reported, on average, significantly more concussion symptoms and higher vision symptom scores throughout recovery versus those without. There was no evidence that concussion or vision symptom recovery trajectories varied over time between those with/without LD or ADHD (joint P-interactions > 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-existing LD and ADHD are risk factors for prolonged and more symptomatic mTBI recovery in youth. These results can inform clinical concussion management and recovery expectations.

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