scholarly journals Age-Related Reorganizational Changes in Modularity and Functional Connectivity of Human Brain Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Song ◽  
Rasmus M. Birn ◽  
Mélanie Boly ◽  
Timothy B. Meier ◽  
Veena A. Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Development and Emergence of Individual Variability in the Functional Connectivity Architecture of the Preterm Human Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 4208-4222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehua Xu ◽  
Miao Cao ◽  
Xuhong Liao ◽  
Mingrui Xia ◽  
Xindi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Distance Constraint ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Sensorimotor Network ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity

Abstract Individual variability in human brain networks underlies individual differences in cognition and behaviors. However, researchers have not conclusively determined when individual variability patterns of the brain networks emerge and how they develop in the early phase. Here, we employed resting-state functional MRI data and whole-brain functional connectivity analyses in 40 neonates aged around 31–42 postmenstrual weeks to characterize the spatial distribution and development modes of individual variability in the functional network architecture. We observed lower individual variability in primary sensorimotor and visual areas and higher variability in association regions at the third trimester, and these patterns are generally similar to those of adult brains. Different functional systems showed dramatic differences in the development of individual variability, with significant decreases in the sensorimotor network; decreasing trends in the visual, subcortical, and dorsal and ventral attention networks, and limited change in the default mode, frontoparietal and limbic networks. The patterns of individual variability were negatively correlated with the short- to middle-range connection strength/number and this distance constraint was significantly strengthened throughout development. Our findings highlight the development and emergence of individual variability in the functional architecture of the prenatal brain, which may lay network foundations for individual behavioral differences later in life.

scholarly journals Comparing the temporal relationship of structural and functional connectivity changes in different adult human brain networks: a single-case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamitsu Watanabe ◽  
Geraint Rees
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
Adult Human

Background: Despite accumulated evidence for adult brain plasticity, the temporal relationships between large-scale functional and structural connectivity changes in human brain networks remain unclear. Methods: By analysing a unique richly detailed 19-week longitudinal neuroimaging dataset, we tested whether macroscopic functional connectivity changes lead to the corresponding structural alterations in the adult human brain, and examined whether such time lags between functional and structural connectivity changes are affected by functional differences between different large-scale brain networks. Results: In this single-case study, we report that, compared to attention-related networks, functional connectivity changes in default-mode, fronto-parietal, and sensory-related networks occurred in advance of modulations of the corresponding structural connectivity with significantly longer time lags. In particular, the longest time lags were observed in sensory-related networks. In contrast, such significant temporal differences in connectivity change were not seen in comparisons between anatomically categorised different brain areas, such as frontal and occipital lobes. These observations survived even after multiple validation analyses using different connectivity definitions or using parts of the datasets. Conclusions: Although the current findings should be examined in independent datasets with different demographic background and by experimental manipulation, this single-case study indicates the possibility that plasticity of macroscopic brain networks could be affected by cognitive and perceptual functions implemented in the networks, and implies a hierarchy in the plasticity of functionally different brain systems.

scholarly journals Conservative and disruptive modes of adolescent change in brain functional connectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Váša ◽  
Rafael Romero-Garcia ◽  
Manfred G. Kitzbichler ◽  
Jakob Seidlitz ◽  
Kirstie J. Whitaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Strongly Connected

AbstractAdolescent changes in human brain function are not entirely understood. Here we used multi-echo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure developmental change in functional connectivity (FC) of resting-state oscillations between pairs of 330 cortical regions and 16 subcortical regions in N=298 healthy adolescents. Participants were aged 14-26 years and were scanned on two or more occasions at least 6 months apart. We found two distinct modes of age-related change in FC: “conservative” and “disruptive”. Conservative development was characteristic of primary cortex, which was strongly connected at 14 years and became even more connected in the period 14-26 years. Disruptive development was characteristic of association cortex, hippocampus and amygdala, which were not strongly connected at 14 years but became more strongly connected during adolescence. We defined the maturational index (MI) as the signed coefficient of the linear relationship between baseline FC (at 14 years,FC14) and adolescent change in FC (∆FC14−26). Disruptive systems (with negative MI) were functionally specialised for social cognition and autobiographical memory and were significantly co-located with prior maps of aerobic glycolysis (AG), AG-related gene expression, post-natal expansion of cortical surface area, and adolescent shrinkage of cortical depth. We conclude that human brain organization is disrupted during adolescence by the emergence of strong functional connectivity of subcortical nuclei and association cortical areas, representing metabolically expensive re-modelling of synaptic connectivity between brain regions that were not strongly connected in childhood. We suggest that this re-modelling process may support emergence of social skills and self-awareness during healthy human adolescence.

scholarly journals Relationship of critical dynamics, functional connectivity, and states of consciousness in large-scale human brain networks

NeuroImage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heonsoo Lee ◽  
Daniel Golkowski ◽  
Denis Jordan ◽  
Sebastian Berger ◽  
Rüdiger Ilg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Critical Dynamics ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals The Effects of the BAILAMOS Dance Program on Brain Functional Connectivity of Older Latinos: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Guilherme Moraes Balbim ◽  
Olusola Ajilore ◽  
Melissa Lamar ◽  
Kirk Erickson ◽  
Susan Aguiñaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

Abstract Compared to non-Latinos whites, older Latinos are at higher risk of cognitive impairment and engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA). Resting-state brain functional connectivity (FC) is a putative biomarker for age-related cognitive decline. PA plays a role in FC of brain networks associated with cognitive decline. Objective: Investigate the effects of the BAILAMOS™ dance program on FC in three brain networks associated with age-related cognitive decline (Default Mode [DMN], Frontoparietal [FPN], and Salience [SAL] networks). Methods: Single-group pre-post design. Ten cognitively intact older Latinos participated in the four-month (2x/week for 60min) BAILAMOS™ dance program with four Latin dance styles. MRI was obtained pre- and post-intervention. FC was analyzed using the resting-state fMRI toolbox (CONN) via pairwise BOLD signal correlations and then converted into z-scores. We performed dependent t-tests, computed Cohen’s d and 95%CI for p < 0.05. Results: Within-FPN FC significantly increased (t(9) = 2.35, p = 0.043, d = 0.70) from pre (M=0.49±0.15) to post-intervention (M=0.59±0.13). In the DMN, we observed moderate effect size changes in the ratio of the FC between-networks by the FC within-networks (Mdiff = 0.10; 95%CI = -0.01; 0.21, p = 0.08, d = 0.64). Conclusions: The BAILAMOS™ program increased within-FPN FC, which is a cognitive-control network related to adaptive control and flexibility. Moderate changes between- vs. within-DMN FC suggest BAILAMOS™ also increased whole-brain DMN integration. Taken together, results might signal that Latin dance can combat the disruption of FC between the DMN and other networks, and within-FPN, which are associated with cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Establishing the cognitive signature of human brain networks derived from structural and functional connectivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 223 (9) ◽  
pp. 4023-4038 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Maya Visser ◽  
Richard J. Binney ◽  
Matthew A. Lambon Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Networks

scholarly journals Intracranial Electrophysiology Reveals Reproducible Intrinsic Functional Connectivity within Human Brain Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 4230-4242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kucyi ◽  
Jessica Schrouff ◽  
Stephan Bickel ◽  
Brett L. Foster ◽  
James M. Shine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Intrinsic Functional Connectivity

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise on the Functional Connectivity of Human Brain Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Weng ◽  
Gary L. Pierce ◽  
Warren G. Darling ◽  
Derik Falk ◽  
Vincent A. Magnotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Acute Effects

scholarly journals Disentangling functional connectivity effects of age and expertise in long-term meditators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Guidotti ◽  
Cosimo Del Gratta ◽  
Mauro Gianni Perrucci ◽  
Gian Luca Romani ◽  
Antonino Raffone
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Open Monitoring ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Neurocognitive Decline

AbstractThe effects of intensive meditation practices on the functional and structural organization of the human brain have been addressed by a growing number of neuroscientific studies. However, the different modulations of meditation expertise and of ageing, in the underlying brain areas and networks, have not yet been fully elucidated. These effects should be distinguished in order to clarify how long-term meditation can modulate the connectivity between brain areas. To address this issue, we tested whether meditation expertise and age can be predicted from the multivariate pattern of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging connectivity, in Theravada Buddhist monks with long-term practice in two different meditation forms: Focused Attention (FA) and Open Monitoring (OM).We found that functional connectivity patterns in both meditation forms can be used to predict expertise and age of long-term meditators. Our findings suggest that meditation expertise is associated with meditation-specific brain networks modulations, while age-related modifications are general and independent from the meditation type. Specifically, expertise modulated patterns during FA meditation include nodes and connections implicated in focusing, sustaining and monitoring attention, while the predictive patterns during OM meditation include nodes associated with cognitive and affective monitoring. Thus, the two forms of meditation may differentially contribute to counteract the effects of neurocognitive decline with ageing by neuroplasticity of brain networks.

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