scholarly journals The Photochemistry on Space Station (PSS) Experiment: Organic Matter under Mars-like Surface UV Radiation Conditions in Low Earth Orbit

Astrobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Stalport ◽  
Laura Rouquette ◽  
Olivier Poch ◽  
Tristan Dequaire ◽  
Naïla Chaouche-Mechidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Radiation Conditions

scholarly journals The PROCESS Experiment: Amino and Carboxylic Acids Under Mars-Like Surface UV Radiation Conditions in Low-Earth Orbit

Astrobiology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Noblet ◽  
Fabien Stalport ◽  
Yuan Yong Guan ◽  
Olivier Poch ◽  
Patrice Coll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Radiation Conditions

UVolution, a photochemistry experiment in low earth orbit: Investigation of the photostability of carbonates exposed to martian-like UV radiation conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1617-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Stalport ◽  
Yuan Yong Guan ◽  
Audrey Noblet ◽  
Patrice Coll ◽  
Cyril Szopa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Radiation Conditions

scholarly journals UVolution, a Photochemistry Experiment in Low Earth Orbit: Investigation of the Photostability of Carboxylic Acids Exposed to Mars Surface UV Radiation Conditions

Astrobiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Stalport ◽  
Yuan Yong Guan ◽  
Patrice Coll ◽  
Cyril Szopa ◽  
Frédérique Macari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Radiation Conditions

scholarly journals The affect of the space environment on the survival ofHalorubrum chaoviatorandSynechococcus(Nägeli): data from the Space Experiment OSMO on EXPOSE-R

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mancinelli
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Space Vacuum

AbstractWe have shown using ESA's Biopan facility flown in Earth orbit that when exposed to the space environment for 2 weeks the survival rate ofSynechococcus(Nägeli), a halophilic cyanobacterium isolated from the evaporitic gypsum–halite crusts that form along the marine intertidal, andHalorubrum chaoviatora member of the Halobacteriaceae isolated from an evaporitic NaCl crystal obtained from a salt evaporation pond, were higher than all other test organisms exceptBacillusspores. These results led to the EXPOSE-R mission to extend and refine these experiments as part of the experimental package for the external platform space exposure facility on the ISS. The experiment was flown in February 2009 and the organisms were exposed to low-Earth orbit for nearly 2 years. Samples were either exposed to solar ultraviolet (UV)-radiation (λ > 110 nm or λ > 200 nm, cosmic radiation (dosage range 225–320 mGy), or kept in darkness shielded from solar UV-radiation. Half of each of the UV-radiation exposed samples and dark samples were exposed to space vacuum and half kept at 105pascals in argon. Duplicate samples were kept in the laboratory to serve as unexposed controls. Ground simulation control experiments were also performed. After retrieval, organism viability was tested using Molecular Probes Live–Dead Bac-Lite stain and by their reproduction capability. Samples kept in the dark, but exposed to space vacuum had a 90 ± 5% survival rate compared to the ground controls. Samples exposed to full UV-radiation for over a year were bleached and although results from Molecular Probes Live–Dead stain suggested ~10% survival, the data indicate that no survival was detected using cell growth and division using the most probable number method. Those samples exposed to attenuated UV-radiation exhibited limited survival. Results from of this study are relevant to understanding adaptation and evolution of life, the future of life beyond earth, the potential for interplanetary transfer of viable microbes via meteorites and dust particles as well as spacecraft, and the physiology of halophiles.

NASA sets sights on private space stations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Private Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Space ◽  
Foreign Governments ◽  
Corporate Clients

Subject Space stations. Significance As Washington returns its sights to the moon, it is reforming its policies regarding the International Space Station (ISS) with a view to jump-starting a 'low-earth orbit economy' in which private firms offer services to corporate clients, foreign governments and wealthy individuals. Impacts China's space station, due for completion in 2022, could draw third-country projects away from commercial US space stations. Governments are more promising clients for commercial crewed spaceflight than 'space tourists' are. Commercial stations and passenger spacecraft could make human spaceflight accessible to allied states. Spaceflight will remain politicised.

Aerothermal Analysis of Small Payloads Delivered Into Low Earth Orbit From an Airborne Launch Platform

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Guillot ◽  
Ian McNab
Keyword(s):  
Circular Orbit ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Thermal Protection System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Stable Circular Orbit

In recent years there has been an ever increasing need to launch small payloads (∼1–100 kg) into low earth orbit (LEO). Examples include the defense and telecommunications industries. Permanent human presence in LEO, such as the international space station, requires continual re-supply from earth. Additionally, NASA’s stated mission of launching a manned mission to Mars requires many tonnes of raw materials to be economically launched into LEO and assembled there. Conventional rocket launch from earth is prohibitively expensive for small mass payloads. Estimates range from $7000–$20,000 to launch 1 kg of mass into low earth orbit. Several concepts have been proposed to economically launch small payloads from earth, including light gas guns, electromagnetic launchers and the so called “slingatron” concept. The goal of these concepts is to reduce the cost per kg (to under $1000) to achieve LEO. Each of these concepts involves launching small payloads that traverse the atmosphere and then placed into low earth orbit using thrusters to turn the velocity vector into a stable circular orbit. As the launch vehicle traverses the dense lower portion of the atmosphere it experiences severe thermal heating loads that must be absorbed by a thermal protection system (TPS) if the payload is to survive the transit. The University of Texas is currently heading a multi-university research initiative (MURI) to study the feasibility of launching small payloads into low earth orbit from an electromagnetic gun housed in an airborne platform. As part of the study, the aerothermal issues associated with traverse through the atmosphere and propellant mass required to achieve a stable circular orbit are investigated. The effort focuses on quantifying the required parasitic mass of the thermal protection system (TPS) and propellant need to place a nominal 10 kg launch mass into a circular low earth orbit from an electromagnetic launcher at 16 km altitude. The TPS is assumed to be graphite or carbon-carbon composite. In this effort, we consider ballistic trajectories only. Circular orbit is achieved using rocket thrusters at the terminal altitude. Total parasitic mass (TPS + propellant) is estimated for various launch angles.

scholarly journals Asgardia’s project for a new module to expand Space Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Igor R. Ashurbeyli ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Science ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
International Space ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Industrial Partnership ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

Private sector involvement in the International Space Station (ISS) is becoming increasingly important as commercial organisations provide services and hardware to enhance the orbital operations of the Space Station which, in November 2020, marked two decades of continuous occupation. During the first Asgardia Space Science & Investment Conference, held in Germany in October 2019, a project to add a new commercially procured docking module to the ISS was announced as a key step to expanding the permanent human presence in low Earth orbit. Dr Igor Ashurbeyli, General Designer, provides a technical overview of the project and the industrial partnership arranged to deliver it.

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