Comparing Spore Resistance ofBacillusStrains Isolated from Hydrothermal Vents and Spacecraft Assembly Facilities to Environmental Stressors and Decontamination Treatments

Astrobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1425-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Zammuto ◽  
Felix M. Fuchs ◽  
Marcel Fiebrandt ◽  
Katharina Stapelmann ◽  
Nikea J. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Spore Resistance ◽  
Spacecraft Assembly

scholarly journals Mussel biology: from the byssus to ecology and physiology, including microplastic ingestion and deep-sea adaptations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Inoue ◽  
Yuri Onitsuka ◽  
Tomoko Koito
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Shallow Sea ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Chemosynthetic Ecosystems

AbstractMussels are a group of bivalves that includes the dominant species of shallow-sea, freshwater, and deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystems. Mussels cling to various solid underwater surfaces using a proteinaceous thread, called the byssus, which is central to their ecology, physiology, and evolution. Mussels cluster using their byssi to form “mussel beds,” thereby increasing their biomass per unit of habitat area, and also creating habitats for other organisms. Clustered mussels actively filter feed to obtain nutrients, but also ingest pollutants and suspended particles; thus, mussels are good subjects for pollution analyses, especially for microplastic pollution. The byssus also facilitates invasiveness, allowing mussels to hitchhike on ships, and to utilize other man-made structures, including quay walls and power plant inlets, which are less attractive to native species. Physiologically, mussels have adapted to environmental stressors associated with a sessile lifestyle. Osmotic adaptation is especially important for life in intertidal zones, and taurine is a major component of that adaptation. Taurine accumulation systems have also been modified to adapt to sulfide-rich environments near deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The byssus may have also enabled access to vent environments, allowing mussels to attach to “evolutionary stepping stones” and also to vent chimneys.

Quantification of Cognitive Process Degradation While Mobile, Attributable to the Environmental Stressors Endurance, Vibration, and Noise

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore P. Schipani ◽  
◽  
Richard S. Bruno ◽  
Michael A. Lattin ◽  
Bobby M. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Environmental Stressors

scholarly journals How environmental stressors affect reproductive potential in a saltmarsh plant species Plantago maritima

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lazarus ◽  
Jacek Mazur ◽  
Katarzyna Wszałek‐Rożek ◽  
Adrian Zwolicki
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Environmental Stressors

scholarly journals The Gene Regulatory Roles of Herbal Extracts on the Growth, Immune System, and Reproduction of Fish

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2167
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahmadifar ◽  
Hamideh Pourmohammadi Fallah ◽  
Morteza Yousefi ◽  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Sustainable Aquaculture ◽  
Herbal Supplements ◽  
Aquatic Animals ◽  
Gene Regulatory

The crucial need for safe and healthy aquatic animals obligates researchers in aquaculture to investigate alternative and beneficial additives. Medicinal herbals and their extracts are compromised with diverse effects on the performances of aquatic animals. These compounds can affect growth performance and stimulate the immune system when used in fish diet. In addition, the use of medicinal herbs and their extracts can reduce oxidative stress induced by several stressors during fish culture. Correspondingly, aquatic animals could gain increased resistance against infectious pathogens and environmental stressors. Nevertheless, the exact mode of action where these additives can affect aquatic animals’ performances is still not well documented. Understanding the mechanistic role of herbal supplements and their derivatives is a vital tool to develop further the strategies and application of these additives for feasible and sustainable aquaculture. Gene-related studies have clarified the detailed information on the herbal supplements’ mode of action when administered orally in aquafeed. Several review articles have presented the potential roles of medicinal herbs on the performances of aquatic animals. However, this review article discusses the outputs of studies conducted on aquatic animals fed dietary, medicinal herbs, focusing on the gene expression related to growth and immune performances. Furthermore, a particular focus is directed to the expected influence of herbal supplements on the reproduction of aquatic animals.

scholarly journals Light and CO2 Modulate the Accumulation and Localization of Phenolic Compounds in Barley Leaves

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Lena Hunt ◽  
Karel Klem ◽  
Zuzana Lhotáková ◽  
Stanislav Vosolsobě ◽  
Michal Oravec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Stress Prevention ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Barley Leaves

Barley (Hordeum vulgare) accumulates phenolic compounds (PhCs), which play a key role in plant defense against environmental stressors as antioxidants or UV screening compounds. The influence of light and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on the accumulation and localization of PhCs in barley leaves was examined for two varieties with different tolerances to oxidative stress. PhC localization was visualized in vivo using fluorescence microscopy. Close relationships were found between fluorescence-determined localization of PhCs in barley leaves and PhC content estimated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy detection. Light intensity had the strongest effect on the accumulation of PhCs, but the total PhC content was similar at elevated [CO2], minimizing the differences between high and low light. PhCs localized preferentially near the surfaces of leaves, but under low light, an increasing allocation of PhCs in deeper mesophyll layers was observed. The PhC profile was significantly different between barley varieties. The relatively tolerant variety accumulated significantly more hydroxycinnamic acids, indicating that these PhCs may play a more prominent role in oxidative stress prevention. Our research presents novel evidence that [CO2] modulates the accumulation of PhCs in barley leaves. Mesophyll cells, rather than epidermal cells, were most responsive to environmental stimuli in terms of PhC accumulation.

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