Characterization of In Vivo Tissue Redox Status, Oxygenation, and Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Postischemic Myocardium

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehai Zhu ◽  
Li Zuo ◽  
Arturo J. Cardounel ◽  
Jay L. Zweier ◽  
Guanglong He
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Postischemic Myocardium

DELIVERY OF STIMULI-SENSITIVE NANOPARTICLES FOR VISUALIZATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
P.I. Vetosheva ◽  
A.G. Shokhina ◽  
D.M. Melnik ◽  
V.V. Belousov ◽  
T.S. Zatsepin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Leuco Form ◽  
Effective Visualization ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive

We developed lipid nanoparticles for effective visualization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in damaged hepatocytes. These nanoparticles contain ROS - sensor: 1) HyPer – plasmid DNA encoded the same protein that is sensitive to the hydrogen peroxide or 2) hydrocyanine (leuco-form of cyanine) 5). The physicochemical characterization of the obtained particles was carried out, as well as their efficacy in vitro and in vivo was evaluated.

scholarly journals Osteoblast cell death triggers a pro-osteogenic inflammatory response regulated by reactive oxygen species and glucocorticoid signaling in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Geurtzen ◽  
Ankita Duseja ◽  
Franziska Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Macrophage Recruitment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling

In zebrafish, transgenic labeling approaches, robust regenerative responses and excellent in vivo imaging conditions enable precise characterization of immune cell behavior in response to injury. Here, we monitored osteoblast-immune cell interactions in bone, a tissue which is particularly difficult to in vivo image in tetrapod species. Ablation of individual osteoblasts leads to recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages in varying numbers, depending on the extent of the initial insult, and initiates generation of cathepsinK+ osteoclasts from macrophages. Induced osteoblast death triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, which are needed for successful macrophage recruitment. Excess glucocorticoid signaling as it occurs during the stress response inhibits macrophage recruitment, maximum speed and changes the macrophages' phenotype. While osteoblast loss is compensated for within a day by contribution of committed osteoblasts, macrophages continue to populate the region. Their presence is required for osteoblasts to fill the lesion site. Our model enables visualization of homeostatic bone repair after microlesions at single cell resolution and demonstrates a pro-osteogenic function of tissue-resident macrophages in non-mammalian vertebrates.

scholarly journals In Vivo Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species and Redox Status in Caenorhabditis elegans

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart P. Braeckman ◽  
Arne Smolders ◽  
Patricia Back ◽  
Sasha De Henau
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
In Vivo Detection

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Host Plant Are Required for an Early Defense Response against Attack of Stagonospora nodorum Berk. Necrotrophic Effectors SnTox

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
Svetlana Veselova ◽  
Tatyana Nuzhnaya ◽  
Guzel Burkhanova ◽  
Sergey Rumyantsev ◽  
Igor Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in plant immune responses. The most important virulence factors of the Stagonospora nodorum Berk. are multiple fungal necrotrophic effectors (NEs) (SnTox) that affect the redox-status and cause necrosis and/or chlorosis in wheat lines possessing dominant susceptibility genes (Snn). However, the effect of NEs on ROS generation at the early stages of infection has not been studied. We studied the early stage of infection of various wheat genotypes with S nodorum isolates -Sn4VD, SnB, and Sn9MN, carrying a different set of NE genes. Our results indicate that all three NEs of SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3 significantly contributed to cause disease, and the virulence of the isolates depended on their differential expression in plants (Triticum aestivum L.). The Tsn1–SnToxA, Snn1–SnTox1and Snn3–SnTox3 interactions played an important role in inhibition ROS production at the initial stage of infection. The Snn3–SnTox3 inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting NADPH-oxidases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The Tsn1–SnToxA inhibited ROS production in wheat by affecting peroxidases and catalase. The Snn1–SnTox1 inhibited the production of ROS in wheat by mainly affecting a peroxidase. Collectively, these results show that the inverse gene-for gene interactions between effector of pathogen and product of host sensitivity gene suppress the host’s own PAMP-triggered immunity pathway, resulting in NE-triggered susceptibility (NETS). These results are fundamentally changing our understanding of the development of this economical important wheat disease.

scholarly journals Targeting autophagy enhances atezolizumab-induced mitochondria-related apoptosis in osteosarcoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Liu ◽  
Hongyi Wang ◽  
Chuanzhen Hu ◽  
Chuanlong Wu ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cells ◽  
Jnk Pathway ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

AbstractIn this study, we identified the multifaceted effects of atezolizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody against PD-L1, in tumor suppression except for restoring antitumor immunity, and investigated the promising ways to improve its efficacy. Atezolizumab could inhibit the proliferation and induce immune-independent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. With further exploration, we found that atezolizumab could impair mitochondria of osteosarcoma cells, resulting in increased release of reactive oxygen species and cytochrome-c, eventually leading to mitochondrial-related apoptosis via activating JNK pathway. Nevertheless, the excessive release of reactive oxygen species also activated the protective autophagy of osteosarcoma cells. Therefore, when we combined atezolizumab with autophagy inhibitors, the cytotoxic effect of atezolizumab on osteosarcoma cells was significantly enhanced in vitro. Further in vivo experiments also confirmed that atezolizumab combined with chloroquine achieved the most significant antitumor effect. Taken together, our study indicates that atezolizumab can induce mitochondrial-related apoptosis and protective autophagy independently of the immune system, and targeting autophagy is a promising combinatorial approach to amplify its cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Zielinska-Blizniewska ◽  
Przemyslaw Sitarek ◽  
Anna Merecz-Sadowska ◽  
Katarzyna Malinowska ◽  
Karolina Zajdel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species

Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.

scholarly journals Costunolide Induces Apoptosis via the Reactive Oxygen Species and Protein Kinase B Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7509
Author(s):  
Hai Huang ◽  
Jun-Koo Yi ◽  
Su-Geun Lim ◽  
Sijun Park ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Oral Cancer Cells

Oral cancer (OC) has been attracted research attention in recent years as result of its high morbidity and mortality. Costunolide (CTD) possesses potential anticancer and bioactive abilities that have been confirmed in several types of cancers. However, its effects on oral cancer remain unclear. This study investigated the potential anticancer ability and underlying mechanisms of CTD in OC in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of CTD on OC cells; assessments for migration and invasion of OC cells were conducted by transwell; Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. The results revealed that CTD suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral cancer cells effectively and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; regarding the mechanism, CTD bound to AKT directly by binding assay and repressed AKT activities through kinase assay, which thereby downregulating the downstream of AKT. Furthermore, CTD remarkably promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry assay, leading to cell apoptosis. Notably, CTD strongly suppresses cell-derived xenograft OC tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. In conclusion, our results suggested that costunolide might prevent progression of OC and promise to be a novel AKT inhibitor.

CSIG-21. 5-ALA PDT AND TARGETING MEK/ERK SIGNALING ELICITS SYNERGISTIC ANTITUMOR EFFECTS IN DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi37-vi37
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Price ◽  
Daniel Rivera ◽  
Alexandros Bouras ◽  
Constantinos Hadjipanayis
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Genetically Engineered Mouse Model

Abstract Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) are highly invasive, unresectable tumors in children. To date, there is no effective treatment for DMGs. Fractionated radiotherapy (RT), currently the standard of care, has provided limited disease control. Current obstacles to treatment include the blood brain barrier (BBB) that limits systemic drug delivery, tumor therapy resistance, and brainstem infiltration. Given the unmet need for more effective DMG treatments, photodynamic therapy (PDT), with the precursor photosensitizing agent 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is an oncologic treatment that holds promise. 5-ALA PDT of tumors occurs by targeting tumor cells that accumulate the 5-ALA metabolite, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), with 635 nm light to create deadly reactive oxygen species (ROS). We explore the synergism of 5-ALA PDT with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib, since the RAS/MEK signaling pathway regulates tumor cell proliferation and survival and has been shown to therapeutically enhance PDT in select tumor models. We demonstrated that sub-micromolar levels of 5-ALA PDT and nanomolar levels of trametinib successfully decrease cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in multiple DMG cell lines. Cell viability assays revealed that drug response differs based on the histone mutation (H3.1 or H3.3) of the line. Mechanisms of decreased cell survival involves the generation of reactive oxygen species that induces programmed cell death. Through the use of a DMG genetically engineered mouse model, we also found 5-ALA PDT to induce apoptosis in vivo. The synergistic effects of MEK inhibition and 5-ALA PDT in vitro and apoptotic effects of 5-ALA PDT in vivo, highlights the potential therapeutic efficacy of this treatment modality.

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