scholarly journals Intermittent HIV-1 Viremia (Blips) and Virological Failure in a Cohort of People Living with HIV from São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Yaqub Ibrahim ◽  
Patricia Recordon-Pinson ◽  
Denis Malvy ◽  
Hervé Fleury ◽  
Aluisio Cotrim Segurado
Keyword(s):  
Virological Failure ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Tuberculosis among HIV-1-infected subjects in a tertiary out-patient service in São Paulo city, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Casseb ◽  
Luiz Augusto M. Fonseca ◽  
Lucas A. Medeiros ◽  
Claudio R. Gonsalez ◽  
Eduardo R. Lagonegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Patient Service ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

TB is currently considered to be the most important infectious disease among HIV-1-infected subjects in developing countries, such as Brazil. A retrospective analysis of TB cases was performed, occurring from January 1995 to December 2010 in our cohort of 599 HIV positive patients. The primary outcome was the occurrence of active TB. Forty-one TB cases were diagnosed over this period of 16 years, among 599 HIV positive patients in an open cohort setting in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. All-time lowest mean CD4 T cell count at the time of TB diagnosis was 146 and 186 cells/mm³, respectively. The mean HIV viral load was 5.19 log10 copies/mL, and 59% of the patients were on HAART. TB incidence was 1.47 per 100 person-years, for a total follow-up time of 2775 person-years. The probability of surviving up to 10 years after diagnosis was 75% for TB patients as opposed to 96% for patients with other, non-TB opportunistic diseases (p = 0.03). TB can be considered a public health problem among people living with HIV in Brazil despite of the widespread use of antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection/AIDS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yuan ◽  
Meijing Liu ◽  
Peng Jia ◽  
Yiping Li ◽  
Yuling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is one of the areas that most severely affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China, and virological failure on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is serious in this area. Analyses of prevalence and determinants of ART failure, the genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV (PLWH) helps improve HIV treatment efficiency and prevent HIV transmission. Methods A total of 5157 PLWH were recruited from 2016 to 2017. The venous blood samples were subjected to RT-PCR, followed by sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene, targeting the protease and reverse transcriptase fragments. HIV-1 diversity was analyzed using the DNAStar software and drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Results A total of 2156 (41.81%) PLWH showed virological failure on ART. Males (ORm=1.25), heterosexual behaviors and drug injection (ORm=1.44) and mother to child transmission routes (ORm=1.58), the clinical stage of AIDS (ORm=1.35), having used illicit drugs and shared the needles (1-4 times: ORm=1.34; more than 5 times: ORm=1.52), having ever replaced ART regimen (ORm=1.48) increased the risk of virological failure among PLWH, while higher education lever (ORm=0.77) and ≥12 months on ART (12~36 months: ORm=0.72; ≥36 months: ORm=0.66) was associated with lower likelihood of virological failure. The data revealed that CRF07_BC (1508, 95.62%) were the most common strains, and the drug-resistant rate was 32.10% among PLWH with virological failure in this area. The high frequencies of drug resistance were found in EFV and NVP of NNRTIs, ABC, FTC and 3TC of NRTIs, and TPV/r in PIs. The most common mutations in NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), M184V/MV/I (36.29%) and Q58E/QE (4.93%), respectively. Conclusion We concluded that surveillance of virological failure, HIV-1 subtypes, and drug resistance to understand HIV-1 epidemiology and guide modification of ART guidelines, and target prevention and control strategies should be formatted to reduce the virological failure and drug resistance to promote viral suppression and prevent HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of virological failure, genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV in a minority area in China: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Yuan ◽  
Meijing Liu ◽  
Peng Jia ◽  
Yiping Li ◽  
Yuling Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture is one of the areas that most severely affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China, and virological failure on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is serious in this area. Analyses of prevalence and determinants of ART failure, the genetic diversity and drug resistance among people living with HIV (PLWH) helps improve HIV treatment efficiency and prevent HIV transmission.Methods: A total of 5157 PLWH were recruited from 2016 to 2017. The venous blood samples were subjected to RT-PCR, followed by sequencing of the HIV-1 pol gene, targeting the protease and reverse transcriptase fragments. HIV-1 diversity was analyzed using the DNAStar software and drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results: A total of 2156 (41.81%) PLWH showed virological failure on ART. Males (ORm=1.25), heterosexual behaviors and drug injection (ORm=1.44) and mother to child transmission routes (ORm=1.58), the clinical stage of AIDS (ORm=1.35), having used illicit drugs and shared the needles (1-4 times: ORm=1.34; more than 5 times: ORm=1.52), having ever replaced ART regimen (ORm=1.48) increased the risk of virological failure among PLWH, while higher education lever (ORm=0.77) and ≥12 months on ART (12~36 months: ORm=0.72; ≥36 months: ORm=0.66) was associated with lower likelihood of virological failure. The data revealed that CRF07_BC (1508, 95.62%) were the most common strains, and the drug-resistant rate was 32.10% among PLWH with virological failure in this area. The high frequencies of drug resistance were found in EFV and NVP of NNRTIs, ABC, FTC and 3TC of NRTIs, and TPV/r in PIs. The most common mutations in NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs were K103N/KN (64.69%), M184V/MV/I (36.29%) and Q58E/QE (4.93%), respectively.Conclusion: We concluded that surveillance of virological failure, HIV-1 subtypes, and drug resistance to understand HIV-1 epidemiology and guide modification of ART guidelines, and target prevention and control strategies should be formatted to reduce the virological failure and drug resistance to promote viral suppression and prevent HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Related Social Distancing and Changes in Dietary Practices in People Living With HIV From São Paulo, Sp, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
Beatriz Vicente ◽  
Marcus Quaresma ◽  
João Neto ◽  
Janaína Vasconcelos ◽  
Roseli Balchiunas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Objectives To investigate COVID-19 related social distancing (CRSD) by people living with HIV (PLWH), and changes in these persons' dietary practices. Methods This is a web-based survey (conducted from November 2020 to January 2021), which invited (via social media WhatsApp) PLWH registered at a University-based specialized outpatient clinic. With multiple-choice questions, the virtual questionnaire included sociodemographic, lifestyle, and COVID-19-related information, before and during CRSD. Dietary practices questions, adapted from a Brazilian epidemiological study, inquired about beans, vegetables, fruits and fruit juices, red and white meat, soft drinks, sweets, and salty snacks. Habits such as cooking, and home-delivered meals were also investigated. Data were analyzed by descriptive aspects, as well as Chi-square and Cochrane-Q association tests (with P-value < 0.05). Results The sample included 407 PLWH, 68.8% men, 50.7(±9.8) years old, 73.2% with a high educational level. Being employed was referred by 65.8%, from which 30.7% was working remotely; 45.4% mentioned reduction of their incomes during CRSD. The recommendation for CRSD was followed by 90.4% of the respondents, and 14.5% reported total isolation. Only 9.1% referred COVID-19 diagnostic with 1.2% hospitalizations. The CRSD was significantly associated with working remotely (P = 0.02), but not with age (P = 0.62), schooling (P = 0.61), or income (P = 0.46). Regarding food habits, the participants significantly reduced the intake of raw (P < 0.001) and cooked (P = 0.004) vegetables and red meat (P < 0.001). Otherwise, the intake of soft drinks (P = 0.001), sweets (P < 0.001), and salty snacks (P < 0.001) were significantly increased. Cooking at home increased 46.4%, and home-delivered meals did not change. Conclusions The majority of PLWH followed the CRSD; COVID-19 diagnostic, as well as hospitalizations, were rare. However, the increased intake of unhealthy, ultra-processed foods and the reduced intake of vegetables showed disagreements with HIV-directed guidelines. As a suggestion, on-line messages on healthy eating maybe would prevent future health worsening of PLWH due to CRSD. Funding Sources Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP process 2018/25388–4)

scholarly journals Virological and Immunological Status of the People Living with HIV/AIDS Undergoing ART Treatment in Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Raj Ojha ◽  
Geeta Shakya ◽  
Shyam Prakash Dumre
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The People ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the life span of the people living with HIV (PLHIV), but their virological and immunological outcomes are not well documented in Nepal. The study was conducted at a tertiary care center including 826 HIV-1 seropositive individuals undergoing ART for at least six months. Plasma viral load (HIV-1 RNA) was detected by Real Time PCR and CD4+T-lymphocyte (CD4+) counts were estimated by flow cytometry. The mean CD4+count of patients was 501 (95% CI = 325–579) cells/cumm, but about 35% of patients had CD4+T cell counts below 350 cells/cumm. With increasing age, average CD4+count was found to be decreasing (p=0.005). Of the total cases, 82 (9.92%) were found to have virological failure (viral load: >1000 copies/ml). Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Efavirenz (TDF/3TC/EFV), the frequently used ART regimen in Nepal, showed virological failure in 11.34% and immunological failure in 37.17% of patients. Virological failure rate was higher among children < 15 years (14.5%) (p=0.03); however, no association was observed between ART outcomes and gender or route of transmission. The study suggests there are still some chances of virological and immunological failures despite the success of highly active ART (HAART).

scholarly journals Transmitted Drug Resistance among People Living with HIV/Aids at Major Cities of Sao Paulo State, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Leandro Paula Ferreira ◽  
Rosangela Rodrigues ◽  
Andre Minhoto Lança ◽  
Valeria Correia de Almeida ◽  
Simone Queiroz Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Transmitted Drug Resistance ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Hiv 1

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmitted drug resistance (TDR) is an important public health issue. In Brazil, low to intermediate resistance levels have been described. We assessed 225 HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral naïve individuals, from HIV Reference Centers at two major metropolitan areas of Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo and Campinas), the state that concentrates most of the Brazilian Aids cases. TDR was analyzed by Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance criteria (CPR), and mutations were observed in 17 individuals (7.6%, 95% CI: 4.5%–11.9%). Seventy-six percent of genomes (13/17) with TDR carried a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance mutation, mostly K103N/S (9/13, 69%), potentially compromising the preferential first-line therapy suggested by the Brazilian HIV Treatment Guideline that recommends efavirenz-based combinations. Moreover, 6/17 (35%) had multiple mutations associated with resistance to one or more classes. HIV-1 B was the prevalent subtype (80%); other subtypes include HIV-1 F and C, mosaics BC, BF, and single cases of subtype A1 and CRF02_AG. The HIV Reference Center of Campinas presented more cases with TDR, with a significant association of TDR with clade B infection (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Knowledge of PEP and PrEP among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laelson Rochelle Milanês Sousa ◽  
Henrique Ciabotti Elias ◽  
Nilo Martinez Fernandes ◽  
Elucir Gir ◽  
Renata Karina Reis
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) are key to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, whose sexual partners are at high risk of acquiring HIV.We aimed to determine the factors associated with PrEP and PEP's knowledge as secondary prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS.Method: Cross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/AIDS treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from July 2016 to July 2017. Individual interviews were conducted. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with knowing PrEP and PEP.Results: Of the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women aged 40 to 49 years (36.2%).Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13-0.60); who did not have a low viral load or did not know their viral load (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.83) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09- 0.83) were less likely to know about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.59-5.3) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.8) were more likely to know about the PEP.Conclusions: The knowledge about PEP and PrEP is low in Brazil. This may undermine secondary prevention efforts. Educational interventions to raise awareness of these prevention methods are needed among people living with HIV and who have HIV-negative sexual partners.

scholarly journals HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadien M. Nijmeijer ◽  
Marta Bermejo-Jambrina ◽  
Tanja M. Kaptein ◽  
Carla M. S. Ribeiro ◽  
Doris Wilflingseder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractSemen is important in determining HIV-1 susceptibility but it is unclear how it affects virus transmission during sexual contact. Mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) are the first immune cells to encounter HIV-1 during sexual contact and have a barrier function as LCs are restrictive to HIV-1. As semen from people living with HIV-1 contains complement-opsonized HIV-1, we investigated the effect of complement on HIV-1 dissemination by human LCs in vitro and ex vivo. Notably, pre-treatment of HIV-1 with semen enhanced LC infection compared to untreated HIV-1 in the ex vivo explant model. Infection of LCs and transmission to target cells by opsonized HIV-1 was efficiently inhibited by blocking complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Complement opsonization of HIV-1 enhanced uptake, fusion, and integration by LCs leading to an increased transmission of HIV-1 to target cells. However, in the absence of both CR3 and CR4, C-type lectin receptor langerin was able to restrict infection of complement-opsonized HIV-1. These data suggest that complement enhances HIV-1 infection of LCs by binding CR3 and CR4, thereby bypassing langerin and changing the restrictive nature of LCs into virus-disseminating cells. Targeting complement factors might be effective in preventing HIV-1 transmission.

scholarly journals Nationwide Study of Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1 Infected Individuals under Antiretroviral Therapy in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5304
Author(s):  
Ana Santos-Pereira ◽  
Vera Triunfante ◽  
Pedro M. M. Araújo ◽  
Joana Martins ◽  
Helena Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Drug Resistance Mutations ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

The success of antiretroviral treatment (ART) is threatened by the emergence of drug resistance mutations (DRM). Since Brazil presents the largest number of people living with HIV (PLWH) in South America we aimed at understanding the dynamics of DRM in this country. We analyzed a total of 20,226 HIV-1 sequences collected from PLWH undergoing ART between 2008–2017. Results show a mild decline of DRM over the years but an increase of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation from 2.23% to 12.11%. This increase gradually occurred following alterations in the ART regimens replacing zidovudine (AZT) with tenofovir (TDF). PLWH harboring the K65R had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation (p < 0.001). Among the two most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes (B and C) there was a significant (p < 0.001) association of K65R with subtype C (11.26%) when compared with subtype B (9.27%). Nonetheless, evidence for K65R transmission in Brazil was found both for C and B subtypes. Additionally, artificial neural network-based immunoinformatic predictions suggest that K65R could enhance viral recognition by HLA-B27 that has relatively low prevalence in the Brazilian population. Overall, the results suggest that tenofovir-based regimens need to be carefully monitored particularly in settings with subtype C and specific HLA profiles.

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