Low Frequency of Renal Function Impairment During One-Year of Therapy with Tenofovir-Containing Regimens in the Real-World: A Case-Control Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Padilla ◽  
Félix Gutiérrez ◽  
Mar Masiá ◽  
Víctor Cánovas ◽  
Carmen Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Real World ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Real ◽  
Renal Function Impairment ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control Study

Applicability of the 2013 ACC/AHA Risk Assessment and Cholesterol Treatment Guidelines in the real world: results from a multiethnic case-control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Magnoni ◽  
Martina Berteotti ◽  
Giuseppe Danilo Norata ◽  
Luca Rosario Limite ◽  
Giovanni Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Real World ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Real ◽  
Cholesterol Treatment ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Serum pituitary antibodies in normal pregnancy and in patients with postpartum thyroiditis: a nested case–control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Manetti ◽  
Arthur B Parkes ◽  
Isabella Lupi ◽  
Graziano Di Cianni ◽  
Fausto Bogazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Pituitary Antibodies ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Antithyroid Autoantibodies

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate antipituitary antibody (APA) prevalence in a series of patients with postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) during pregnancy and in the postpartum.DesignWe conducted a nested case–control study on consecutive PPT and normal pregnant women at the Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences in Cardiff and at the Department of Endocrinology in Pisa.MethodsWe enrolled 30 women with PPT: 17 were hypothyroid (Hypo), 7 with hyperthyroidism (Hyper) and 6 with a transient hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism (Biphasic). Twenty-one healthy pregnant women served as controls. APA (measured using indirect immunofluorescence), free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, TSH, antithyroid autoantibodies, and thyroid ultrasound were performed during pregnancy and postpartum. The stored sera have been sent to Pisa, where serum APA, IGF1, and cortisol were measured.ResultsAPA were found in 8 out of the 30 PPT patients (26.7%) and in one normal pregnancy (4.7%, P=0.063). Three out of the seventeen Hypo with PPT (17.6%), three out of the seven Hyper PPT (42.8%), and two out of the six Biphasic PPT (33.3%) were positive for APA. APA prevalence was not significantly different in the PPT subgroups (P=0.453). With one exception, APA all increased in the postpartum period (87.5%, P<0.016). Basal serum IGF1 and cortisol were in the normal range with the exception of two patients with positive APA who presented low serum IGF1 levels (36 and 45 ng/ml).ConclusionsAPA are frequently present in the postpartum period in patients affected by PPT. Further studies are necessary to evaluate whether APA in PPT patients are associated with pituitary function impairment.

scholarly journals Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Considering Shared Chairs in Outpatient Dialysis: A Real-World Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Thadhani ◽  
Joanna Willetts ◽  
Catherine Wang ◽  
John Larkin ◽  
Hanjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
World Data ◽  
Control Study

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through aerosolized droplets; however, the virus can remain transiently viable on surfaces.ObjectiveWe examined transmission within hemodialysis facilities, with a specific focus on the possibility of indirect patient-to-patient transmission through shared dialysis chairs.DesignWe used real-world data from hemodialysis patients treated between February 1st and June 8th, 2020 to perform a case-control study matching each SARS-CoV-2 positive patient (case) to a non-SARS-CoV-2 patient (control) in the same dialysis shift and traced back 14 days to capture possible exposure from chairs sat in by SARS-CoV-2 patients. Cases and controls were matched on age, sex, race, facility, shift date, and treatment count.Setting2,600 hemodialysis facilities in the United States.PatientsAdult (age ≥18 years) hemodialysis patients.MeasurementsConditional logistic regression models tested whether chair exposure after a positive patient conferred a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection to the immediate subsequent patient.ResultsAmong 170,234 hemodialysis patients, 4,782 (2.8%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 64 years, 44% female). Most facilities (68.5%) had 0 to 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 patient. We matched 2,379 SARS-CoV-2 positive cases to 2,379 non-SARS-CoV-2 controls; 1.30% (95%CI 0.90%, 1.87%) of cases and 1.39% (95%CI 0.97%, 1.97%) of controls were exposed to a chair previously sat in by a shedding SARS-CoV-2 patient. Transmission risk among cases was not significantly different from controls (OR=0.94; 95%CI 0.57 to 1.54; p=0.80). Results remained consistent in adjusted and sensitivity analyses.LimitationAnalysis used real-world data that could contain errors and only considered vertical transmission associated with shared use of dialysis chairs by symptomatic patients.ConclusionsThe risk of indirect patient-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection from dialysis chairs appears to be low.Primary Funding SourceFresenius Medical Care North America; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK130067)

Diagnostic Performance and Utility of Quantitative EEG Analyses in Delirium: Confirmatory Results From a Large Retrospective Case-Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fleischmann ◽  
Steffi Tränkner ◽  
Rouven Bathe-Peters ◽  
Maria Rönnefarth ◽  
Sein Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Pretest Probability ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Control Study

Background. The lack of objective disease markers is a major cause of misdiagnosis and nonstandardized approaches in delirium. Recent studies conducted in well-selected patients and confined study environments suggest that quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) can provide such markers. We hypothesize that qEEG helps remedy diagnostic uncertainty not only in well-defined study cohorts but also in a heterogeneous hospital population. Methods. In this retrospective case-control study, EEG power spectra of delirious patients and age-/gender-matched controls (n = 31 and n = 345, respectively) were fitted in a linear model to test their performance as binary classifiers. We subsequently evaluated the diagnostic performance of the best classifiers in control samples with normal EEGs (n = 534) and real-world samples including pathologic findings (n = 4294). Test reliability was estimated through split-half analyses. Results. We found that the combination of spectral power at F3-P4 at 2 Hz (area under the curve [AUC] = .994) and C3-O1 at 19 Hz (AUC = .993) provided a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99% to identify delirious patients among normal controls. These classifiers also yielded a false positive rate as low as 5% and increased the pretest probability of being delirious by 57% in an unselected real-world sample. Split-half reliabilities were .98 and .99, respectively. Conclusion. This retrospective study yielded preliminary evidence that qEEG provides excellent diagnostic performance to identify delirious patients even outside confined study environments. It furthermore revealed reduced beta power as a novel specific finding in delirium and that a normal EEG excludes delirium. Prospective studies including parameters of pretest probability and delirium severity are required to elaborate on these promising findings.

scholarly journals Risk of ischemic stroke associated to analgesic drugs use: a real world data case-control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S225
Author(s):  
R. Vives ◽  
A. Gomez-Lumbreras ◽  
M. Fradera ◽  
M. Giner-Soriano ◽  
A. Garcia-Sangenis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Real World ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
World Data ◽  
Control Study
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