scholarly journals A Short-Term Assessment of Nascent HIV-1 Transmission Clusters Among Newly Diagnosed Individuals Using Envelope Sequence-Based Phylogenetic Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 906-919
Author(s):  
Alexis Kafando ◽  
Bouchra Serhir ◽  
Florence Doualla-Bell ◽  
Eric Fournier ◽  
Mohamed Ndongo Sangaré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Envelope Sequence ◽  
Hiv 1

Characterisation of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters among newly diagnosed individuals infected with non-B subtypes in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Fabeni ◽  
Claudia Alteri ◽  
Giulia Berno ◽  
Rossana Scutari ◽  
Nicoletta Orchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Italian Origin ◽  
Cd4 Cell ◽  
Hiv 1

ObjectiveWe evaluated the characteristics of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) in 1890 newly diagnosed individuals infected with non-B subtypes between 2005 and 2017 in Italy.MethodsPhylogenetic analyses were performed on pol sequences to characterise subtypes/circulating recombinant forms and identify MTCs. MTCs were divided into small (SMTCs, 2–3 sequences), medium (MMTCs, 4–9 sequences) and large (LMTCs, ≥10 sequences). Factors associated with MTCs were evaluated using logistic regression analysis.Results145 MTCs were identified and involved 666 individuals (35.2%); 319 of them (16.9%) were included in 13 LMTCs, 111 (5.9%) in 20 MMTCs and 236 (12.5%) in 112 SMTCs. Compared with individuals out of MTCs, individuals involved in MTCs were prevalently Italian (72.7% vs 30.9%, p<0.001), male (82.9% vs 62.3%, p<0.001) and men who have sex with men (MSM) (43.5% vs 14.5%, p<0.001). Individuals in MTCs were also younger (median (IQR) years: 41 (35–49) vs 43 (36–51), p<0.001) and had higher CD4 cell count in comparison with individuals out of MTCs (median (IQR): 109/L: 0.4 (0.265–0.587) vs 0.246 (0.082–0.417), p<0.001). The viral load remained stable between the two groups (median (IQR) log10 copies/mL: 4.8 (4.2–5.5) vs 5.0 (4.3–5.5), p=0.87). Logistic regression confirmed that certain factors such as being MSM, of Italian origin, younger age and higher CD4 cell count were significantly associated with MTCs.ConclusionsOur findings show that HIV-1 newly diagnosed individuals infected with non-B subtypes are involved in several MTCs in Italy. These MTCs include mainly Italians and MSM and highlight the complex phenomenon characterising the HIV-1 spread. This is important especially in view of monitoring the HIV epidemic and guiding the public health response.

Short-Term Effects of Basal-Plus Insulin Therapy on Early Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1040-P
Author(s):  
EMMA WOKS ◽  
MARTINE CLAUDE ETOA NDZIE ETOGA ◽  
RAICHA NAMBA ◽  
JEAN CLAUDE NJABOU KATTE ◽  
JEAN CLAUDE MBANYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Effects

Sustained normoglycemia in newly diagnosed type I diabetic subjects. Short-term effects and one-year follow-up

Diabetes ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 995-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Perlman ◽  
R. M. Ehrlich ◽  
R. M. Filler ◽  
A. M. Albisser
Keyword(s):  
Type I ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Short Term ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Term Effects

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance of HIV-1 CRF55_01B in Guangdong, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Guolong Yu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xuhe Huang ◽  
Pingping Zhou ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Protease Inhibition ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Primary Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Primary Drug

Background: HIV-1 CRF55_01B was first reported in 2013. At present, no report is available regarding this new clade’s polymorphisms in its functionally critical regions protease and reverse transcriptase. Objective: To identify the diversity difference in protease and reverse transcriptase between CRF55_01B and its parental clades CRF01_AE and subtype B; and to investigate CRF55_01B’s drug resistance mutations associated with the protease inhibition and reverse transcriptase inhibition. Methods: HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma derived from a MSM population. The reverse transcription and nested PCR amplification were performed following our in-house PCR procedure. Genotyping and drug resistant-associated mutations and polymorphisms were identified based on polygenetic analyses and the usage of the HIV Drug Resistance Database, respectively. Results: A total of 9.24 % of the identified CRF55_01B sequences bear the primary drug resistance. CRF55_01B contains polymorphisms I13I/V, G16E and E35D that differ from those in CRF01_AE. Among the 11 polymorphisms in the RT region, seven were statistically different from CRF01_AE’s. Another three polymorphisms, R211K (98.3%), F214L (98.3%), and V245A/E (98.3 %.), were identified in the RT region and they all were statistically different with that of the subtype B. The V179E/D mutation, responsible for 100% potential low-level drug resistance, was found in all CRF55_01B sequences. Lastly, the phylogenetic analyses demonstrated 18 distinct clusters that account for 35% of the samples. Conclusions: CRF55_01B’s pol has different genetic diversity comparing to its counterpart in CRF55_01B’s parental clades. CRF55_01B has a high primary drug resistance presence and the V179E/D mutation may confer more vulnerability to drug resistance.

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