scholarly journals HIV-1 Full-Genome Phylogenetics of Generalized Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa: Impact of Missing Nucleotide Characters in Next-Generation Sequences

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1083-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Ratmann ◽  
Chris Wymant ◽  
Caroline Colijn ◽  
Siva Danaviah ◽  
Max Essex ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Active Components from Cassia abbreviata Prevent HIV-1 Entry by Distinct Mechanisms of Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5052
Author(s):  
Yue Zheng ◽  
Xian-Wen Yang ◽  
Dominique Schols ◽  
Mattia Mori ◽  
Bruno Botta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
3D Space ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Cassia abbreviata is widely used in Sub-Saharan Africa for treating many diseases, including HIV-1 infection. We have recently described the chemical structures of 28 compounds isolated from an alcoholic crude extract of barks and roots ofC. abbreviata, and showed that six bioactive compounds inhibit HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the six compounds block HIV-1 entry into cells: oleanolic acid, palmitic acid, taxifolin, piceatannol, guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin, and a novel compound named as cassiabrevone. We report, for the first time, that guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone inhibit HIV-1 entry (IC50 of 42.47 µM and 30.96 µM, respectively), as well as that piceatannol interacts with cellular membranes. Piceatannol inhibits HIV-1 infection in a dual-chamber assay mimicking the female genital tract, as well as HSV infection, emphasizing its potential as a microbicide. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) showed that pharmacophoric groups of piceatannol are strictly required to inhibit HIV-1 entry. By a ligand-based in silico study, we speculated that piceatannol and norartocarpetin may have a very similar mechanism of action and efficacy because of the highly comparable pharmacophoric and 3D space, while guibourtinidol-(4α®8)-epiafzelechin and cassiabrevone may display a different mechanism. We finally show that cassiabrevone plays a major role of the crude extract of CA by blocking the binding activity of HIV-1 gp120 and CD4.

scholarly journals A Randomized Switch From Nevirapine-Based Antiretroviral Therapy to Single Tablet Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Virologically Suppressed Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Rwandans

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean E. Collins ◽  
Philip M. Grant ◽  
Francois Uwinkindi ◽  
Annie Talbot ◽  
Eric Seruyange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background.  Many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain on nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) despite safety and efficacy concerns. Switching to a rilpivirine-based regimen is an alternative, but there is little experience with rilpivirine in sub-Saharan Africa where induction of rilpivirine metabolism by nevirapine, HIV subtype, and dietary differences could potentially impact efficacy. Methods.  We conducted an open-label noninferiority study of virologically suppressed (HIV-1 ribonucleic acid [RNA] < 50 copies/mL) HIV-1-infected Rwandan adults taking nevirapine plus 2 nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. One hundred fifty participants were randomized 2:1 to switch to coformulated rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (referenced as the Switch Arm) or continue current therapy. The primary efficacy endpoint was HIV-1 RNA < 200 copies/mL at week 24 assessed by the US Food and Drug Administration Snapshot algorithm with a noninferiority margin of 12%. Results.  Between April and September 2014, 184 patients were screened, and 150 patients were enrolled; 99 patients switched to rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir, and 51 patients continued their nevirapine-based ART. The mean age was 42 years and 43% of participants were women. At week 24, virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA level <200 copies/mL) was maintained in 93% and 92% in the Switch Arm versus the continuation arm, respectively. The Switch Arm was noninferior to continued nevirapine-based ART (efficacy difference 0.8%; 95% confidence interval, −7.5% to +12.0%). Both regimens were generally safe and well tolerated, although 2 deaths, neither attributed to study medications, occurred in participants in the Switch Arm. Conclusions.  A switch from nevirapine-based ART to rilpivirine-emtricitabine-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate had similar virologic efficacy to continued nevirapine-based ART after 24 weeks with few adverse events.

scholarly journals Prediction of extended high viremia among newly HIV-1-infected persons in sub-Saharan Africa

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0192785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Powers ◽  
Matthew A. Price ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
Anatoli Kamali ◽  
William Kilembe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals New Subtype B Containing HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant of sub-Saharan Africa Origin in Nigerian Men Who Have Sex With Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Billings ◽  
Gustavo H. Kijak ◽  
Eric Sanders-Buell ◽  
Nicaise Ndembi ◽  
Anne Marie OʼSullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Nigerian Men ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv 1

Prognostic Value of Virological and Immunological Responses After 6 Months of Antiretroviral Treatment in Adults With HIV-1 Infection in Sub-Saharan Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Luca ◽  
Maria Cristina Marazzi ◽  
Sandro Mancinelli ◽  
Susanna Ceffa ◽  
Anna Maria Doro Altan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Study of bias in antenatal clinic HIV-1 surveillance data in a high contraceptive prevalence population in sub-Saharan Africa

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gregson ◽  
Nicola Terceira ◽  
Memory Kakowa ◽  
Peter R. Mason ◽  
Roy M. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Transmission of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa and effect of elimination of unsafe injections

The Lancet ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 363 (9407) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P Schmid ◽  
Anne Buvé ◽  
Peter Mugyenyi ◽  
Geoff P Garnett ◽  
Richard J Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Unsafe Injections ◽  
Hiv 1
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