scholarly journals Reduced Basal Transcriptional Activity of Central Nervous System-Derived HIV Type 1 Long Terminal Repeats

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan R. Gray ◽  
Daniel Cowley ◽  
Emma Crespan ◽  
Casey Welsh ◽  
Charlene Mackenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Terminal Repeats ◽  
Basal Transcriptional Activity

Identification of Mutations in Proviral Long Terminal Repeats of HIV Type 1-Infected Subjects Naive to Drug Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen F.T. Copeland ◽  
Zhaoxia Chen ◽  
Marnie Fiebig ◽  
Lisa Ni ◽  
Sherie Savoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Terminal Repeats

Evidence of a Source of HIV Type 1 within the Central Nervous System by Ultraintensive Sampling of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 1491-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Haas ◽  
Lisa A. Clough ◽  
Benjamin W. Johnson ◽  
Victoria L. Harris ◽  
Paul Spearman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals Non-Oncological Neuroradiological Manifestations in NF1 and Their Clinical Implications

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Camilla Russo ◽  
Carmela Russo ◽  
Daniele Cascone ◽  
Federica Mazio ◽  
Claudia Santoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Protein ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Nf1 Gene ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most frequent phakomatosis and one of the most common inherited tumor predisposition syndromes, is characterized by several manifestations that pervasively involve central and peripheral nervous system structures. The disorder is due to mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes for the ubiquitous tumor suppressor protein neurofibromin; neurofibromin is highly expressed in neural crest derived tissues, where it plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and structural organization. This review article aims to provide an overview on NF1 non-neoplastic manifestations of neuroradiological interest, involving both the central nervous system and spine. We also briefly review the most recent MRI functional findings in NF1.

Central nervous system malformations in oral-facial-digital syndrome, type 1

2005 ◽  
Vol 136A (2) ◽  
pp. 218-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Holub ◽  
Lorraine Potocki ◽  
Olaf A. Bodamer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Syndrome Type

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Detected in the Central Nervous System (CNS) After Years of Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Can Originate from a Replicating CNS Reservoir or Clonally Expanded Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B Joseph ◽  
Laura P Kincer ◽  
Natalie M Bowman ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
Michael J Vinikoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Csf Escape

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) populations are detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of some people on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Detailed analysis of these populations may reveal whether they are produced by central nervous system (CNS) reservoirs. Methods We performed a study of 101 asymptomatic participants on stable ART. HIV-1 RNA concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in CSF and plasma. In participants with CSF HIV-1 RNA concentrations sufficient for analysis, viral populations were genetically and phenotypically characterized over multiple time points. Results For 6% of participants (6 of 101), the concentration of HIV-1 RNA in their CSF was ≥0.5 log copies/mL above that of plasma (ie, CSF escape). We generated viral envelope sequences from CSF of 3 participants. One had a persistent CSF escape population that was macrophage-tropic, partially drug resistant, genetically diverse, and closely related to a minor macrophage-tropic lineage present in the blood prior to viral suppression and enriched for after ART. Two participants (1 suppressed and 1 not) had transient CSF escape populations that were R5 T cell-tropic with little genetic diversity. Conclusions Extensive analysis of viral populations in 1 participant revealed that CSF escape was from a persistently replicating population, likely in macrophages/microglia, present in the CNS over 3 years of ART. CSF escape in 2 other participants was likely produced by trafficking and transient expansion of infected T cells in the CNS. Our results show that CNS reservoirs can persist during ART and that CSF escape is not exclusively produced by replicating CNS reservoirs.

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