Utility of the Heteroduplex Assay (HDA) as a Simple and Cost-Effective Tool for the Identification of HIV Type 1 Dual Infections in Resource-Limited Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. R. Powell ◽  
Mateusz M. Urbanski ◽  
Sherri Burda ◽  
Aubin Nanfack ◽  
Thompson Kinge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Dual Infections

Excessive Early Mortality in the First Year of Treatment in HIV Type 1-Infected Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Marazzi ◽  
Giuseppe Liotta ◽  
Paola Germano ◽  
Giovanni Guidotti ◽  
A. Doro Altan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Hiv Type 1

scholarly journals Global & Community Health: Acute ischemic stroke in Toronto and Manila

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 604-606
Author(s):  
Sanskriti Sasikumar ◽  
Jose Danilo Bengzon Diestro
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Based Medicine

The educational experience of a neurology trainee can have profound regional variations. We recount the management of a stroke code in Toronto, Canada, and Manila, Philippines, as a means to highlight the need for collaborative learning, both in terms of practicing evidence-based medicine and managing neurologic conditions in resource-limited settings. Concerted peer-led initiatives such as videoconference rounds are an easy and cost-effective means of unifying this experience.

scholarly journals Quantification of Soluble or Insoluble Fractions of Leishmania Parasite Proteins in Microvolume Applications: A Simplification to Standard Lowry Assay

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagya Deepachandi ◽  
Sudath Weerasinghe ◽  
Thisira Priyantha Andrahennadi ◽  
Nadira D. Karunaweera ◽  
Nadeeja Wickramarachchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Protein Assay ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Lowry Assay

Protein quantification is often an essential step in any research field that involves proteins. Although the standard Lowry assay and its modifications are most abundantly used in protein quantification, the existing methods are rigid or often demonstrate nonlinearity between protein concentration and color intensity. A method for fast and accurate qualitative and/or quantitative determination of total soluble/insoluble proteins or micro-well plate immobilized proteins isolated from Leishmania parasites in microvolumes was described in the current study. Improvements in cost-effective techniques are necessary to increase the research outputs in resource-limited settings. This method is a modification to the established Lowry assay for protein quantification. Concentrations of unknown samples were calculated using a standard curve prepared using a standard series of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The optimized reagents were 2 N NaOH (sodium hydroxide), 2% Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), 1% CuSO4 (copper sulfate), 2% KNaC4H4O6 (potassium sodium tartrate), and 2 N Folin and Ciocalteu’s phenol. This modified protein assay was sensitive for quantifying Leishmania proteins in a total crude extract or in a soluble fraction within the approximate range of 10–500 μg/ml (1–50 μg/assay) and showed a linearity between color intensity and concentration of the protein. This is an easier, fast, and accurate method for quantifying proteins with microvolumes in a cost-effective manner for routine use in research laboratories in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Early infant HIV-1 diagnosis programs in resource-limited settings: opportunities for improved outcomes and more cost-effective interventions

BMC Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Ciaranello ◽  
Ji-Eun Park ◽  
Lynn Ramirez-Avila ◽  
Kenneth A Freedberg ◽  
Rochelle P Walensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Hiv 1

Cost-effective HIV-1 virological monitoring in resource-limited settings using a modified commercially available qPCR RNA assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayaseelan Boobalan ◽  
Andrea Torti ◽  
Thongadi Ramesh Dinesha ◽  
Sunil Suhas Solomon ◽  
Pachamuthu Balakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Virological Monitoring ◽  
Hiv 1

Unusual Cluster of HIV Type 1 Dual Infections in Groningen, The Netherlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette C. van der Kuyl ◽  
Suzanne Jurriaans ◽  
Nicole K.T. Back ◽  
Herman G. Sprenger ◽  
Tjip S. van der Werf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Hiv Type 1 ◽  
Dual Infections

scholarly journals Can Thin Layer Agar Test Play a Key Role in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Low-Resource Settings?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman A Al Yousef ◽  
Khalid AbdelRahim ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
Agar Method

Background: Fast, reliable, and cost-effective tests are recommended for tuberculosis diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing, especially in resource-limited settings. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of thin-layer agar for tuberculosis diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing. Methods: Samples were collected from patients with presumptive tuberculosis and tested using thin-layer agar for tuberculosis and drug susceptibility testing in parallel with Lowenstein Jensen culture method for tuberculosis diagnosis and proportion method for drug susceptibility testing as the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the performance parameters. Results: Thin-layer agar method showed sensitivity and specificity values of 96.63% and 62.50%, respectively, for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from specimens. Drug susceptibility results using thin-layer agar showed sensitivity values for isoniazid, rifampicin), ethambutol and streptomycin were 94.74%, 86.84%, 94.74% and 81.58%, respectively, while the specificity values were 100%, 100%, 86.27% and 100% for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin, respectively. Results were available in a median time of 16 days for thin-layer agar and 25 days for the conventional method. Conclusions: The thin-layer agar method is a relatively rapid, simple, and cost-effective method for the diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis. It may be a useful tool for establishing tuberculosis laboratories in resource-limited settings because it does not require expensive equipment and a high level of training. Our study may help in choosing the appropriate treatment and control of tuberculosis.

scholarly journals A simple biological marker to differentiate the types of Herpes Simplex Viruses in resource-limited settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
T Akter ◽  
S Tabassum ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
M Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) multiply readily on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated hen’s egg and produce easily visible foci or pocks on this membrane. In the present study, pocks produced by the two antigenic types of HSV (1 & 2) were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of typing HSV isolates by pock size on CAMs. A total of 57 HSV isolates from both non-genital and genital samples were typed by the pock size produced on the CAMs of fertile hen’s eggs. Twenty two HSV isolates yielded visible pocks on CAM, of which 9 (40.9%) produced small pocks, while 13 (59.1%) produced large pocks. All pocks produced on CAM were confirmed by antigenic typing by the Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) method. HSV isolates which produced small pocks were in complete (100%) concordance with HSV type-1, while those producing larger pocks were in full (100%) concordance with HSV type-2. Thus, the pock size on CAM of embryonated fertile hen’s egg may be used as a simple and relatively inexpensive biological marker for the differentiation of HSV types 1 & 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10448 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 23-26

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