scholarly journals HIV-1 Infection Increases the Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses Type K (HERV-K)in Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Contreras-Galindo ◽  
Pablo López ◽  
Rosa Vélez ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Type K ◽  
Hiv 1

A new Real-Time-RT-PCR for quantitation of human endogenous retroviruses type K (HERV-K) RNA load in plasma samples: Increased HERV-K RNA titers in HIV-1 patients with HAART non-suppressive regimens

2006 ◽  
Vol 136 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Contreras-Galindo ◽  
Marta González ◽  
Sharilyn Almodovar-Camacho ◽  
Sandra González-Ramírez ◽  
Eric Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Type K ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Evidence for replication of human endogenous retroviruses type-K (HERV-K) in HIV-1 positive patients

Retrovirology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Contreras-Galindo ◽  
Angie Contreras-Galindo ◽  
Eric Lorenzo ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Type K ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Infection by Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes Leads to Different Elevations in HERV-K Transcriptional Levels in Human T Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Yaolin Guo ◽  
Hanping Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Huang ◽  
Zhichao Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Tat Protein ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
T Cell Lines ◽  
Hiv 1

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) make up ~8% of the human genome, and for millions of years, they have been subject to strict biological regulation. Many HERVs do not participate in normal physiological activities in the body. However, in some pathological conditions, they can be abnormally activated. For example, HIV infection can cause abnormal activation of HERVs, and under different infection conditions, HERV expression may be different. We observed significant differences in HERV-K transcription levels among HIV-1 subtype-infected individuals. The transcriptional levels in the HERV-K gag region were significantly increased in HIV-1 B subtype-infected patients, while the transcriptional levels in the HERV-K pol region were significantly increased in CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtype-infected patients. In vitro, the transcriptional levels of HEVR-K were increased 5-fold and 15-fold in MT2 cells transfected with two different HIV-1 strains (B and CRF01_AE, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in transcriptional levels among regions of HERV-K. When MT2 cells were infected with different subtypes of HIV-1 Tat proteins (B, CRF01_AE), which is constructed by lentiviruses, and the transcription levels of HERV-K were increased 4-fold and 2-fold, respectively. Thus, different subtypes of HIV-1 have different effects on HERV-K transcription levels, which may be caused by many factors, not only Tat protein.

Smoking Increases Transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in a Newly Established in Vitro Cell Model and in Normal Urothelium

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ute Gabriel ◽  
Annette Steidler ◽  
Lutz Trojan ◽  
Maurice Stephan Michel ◽  
Wolfgang Seifarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Normal Urothelium

scholarly journals Ancient Adversary – HERV-K (HML-2) in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eoin Dervan ◽  
Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya ◽  
Jake D. McAuliffe ◽  
Faizan H. Khan ◽  
Sharon A. Glynn
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Metastatic Capacity ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Reading Frames

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), ancient integrations of exogenous viruses, make up 8% of our genome. Long thought of as mere vestigial genetic elements, evidence is now accumulating to suggest a potential functional role in numerous pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, and multiple cancers. The youngest member of this group of transposable elements is HERV-K (HML-2). Like the majority of HERV sequences, significant post-insertional mutations have disarmed HERV-K (HML-2), preventing it from producing infectious viral particles. However, some insertions have retained limited coding capacity, and complete open reading frames for all its constituent proteins can be found throughout the genome. For this reason HERV-K (HML-2) has garnered more attention than its peers. The tight epigenetic control thought to suppress expression in healthy tissue is lost during carcinogenesis. Upregulation of HERV-K (HML-2) derived mRNA and protein has been reported in a variety of solid and liquid tumour types, and while causality has yet to be established, progressively more data are emerging to suggest this phenomenon may contribute to tumour growth and metastatic capacity. Herein we discuss its potential utility as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target in light of the current in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence linking HERV-K (HML-2) to tumour progression.

scholarly journals Conserved Footprints of APOBEC3G on Hypermutated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Human Endogenous Retrovirus HERV-K(HML2) Sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (17) ◽  
pp. 8743-8761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Armitage ◽  
Aris Katzourakis ◽  
Tulio de Oliveira ◽  
John J. Welch ◽  
Robert Belshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The human polynucleotide cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G (hA3G) and APOBEC3F (hA3F) are antiviral restriction factors capable of inducing extensive plus-strand guanine-to-adenine (G-to-A) hypermutation in a variety of retroviruses and retroelements, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). They differ in target specificity, favoring plus-strand 5′GG and 5′GA dinucleotide motifs, respectively. To characterize their mutational preferences in detail, we analyzed single-copy, near-full-length HIV-1 proviruses which had been hypermutated in vitro by hA3G or hA3F. hA3-induced G-to-A mutation rates were significantly influenced by the wider sequence context of the target G. Moreover, hA3G, and to a lesser extent hA3F, displayed clear tetranucleotide preference hierarchies, irrespective of the genomic region examined and overall hypermutation rate. We similarly analyzed patient-derived hypermutated HIV-1 genomes using a new method for estimating reference sequences. The majority of these, regardless of subtype, carried signatures of hypermutation that strongly correlated with those induced in vitro by hA3G. Analysis of genome-wide hA3-induced mutational profiles confirmed that hypermutation levels were reduced downstream of the polypurine tracts. Additionally, while hA3G mutations were found throughout the genome, hA3F often intensely mutated shorter regions, the locations of which varied between proviruses. We extended our analysis to human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) from the HERV-K(HML2) family, finding two elements that carried clear footprints of hA3G activity. This constitutes the most direct evidence to date for hA3G activity in the context of natural HERV infections, demonstrating the involvement of this restriction factor in defense against retroviral attacks over millions of years of human evolution.

RNAseq analysis to identify functional products derived from human endogenous retroviruses in in-vitro syncytialization model

Placenta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Kazuki Morita ◽  
Takeshi Nagamatsu ◽  
So Nakagawa ◽  
Jun Sugimoto ◽  
Kei Kawana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses

scholarly journals Structural basis for Fullerene geometry in a human endogenous retrovirus capsid

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Acton ◽  
Tim Grant ◽  
Giuseppe Nicastro ◽  
Neil J. Ball ◽  
David C. Goldstone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Reading Frames

AbstractThe HML2 (HERV-K) group constitutes the most recently acquired family of human endogenous retroviruses, with many proviruses less than one million years old. Many maintain intact open reading frames and provirus expression together with HML2 particle formation are observed in early stage human embryo development and are associated with pluripotency as well as inflammatory disease, cancers and HIV-1 infection. Here, we reconstruct the core structural protein (CA) of an HML2 retrovirus, assemble particles in vitro and employ single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of four classes of CA Fullerene shell assemblies. These icosahedral and capsular assemblies reveal at high-resolution the molecular interactions that allow CA to form both pentamers and hexamers and show how invariant pentamers and structurally plastic hexamers associate to form the unique polyhedral structures found in retroviral cores.

scholarly journals An ancient family of human endogenous retroviruses encodes a functional homolog of the HIV-1 Rev protein

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (23) ◽  
pp. 13404-13408 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yang ◽  
H. P. Bogerd ◽  
S. Peng ◽  
H. Wiegand ◽  
R. Truant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Functional Homolog ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Rev Protein

scholarly journals HERV-W Envelope Triggers Abnormal Dopaminergic Neuron Process through DRD2/PP2A/AKT1/GSK3 for Schizophrenia Risk

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Qiujin Yan ◽  
Xiulin Wu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Xuhang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic System ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Sodium Influx ◽  
Human Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Whole Cell Patch Clamp ◽  
Laser Confocal Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Scanning ◽  
Confocal Scanning Microscopy

An increasing number of studies have begun considering human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) as potential pathogenic phenomena. Our previous research suggests that HERV-W Envelope (HERV-W ENV), a HERV-W family envelope protein, is elevated in schizophrenia patients and contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The dopamine (DA) hypothesis is the cornerstone in research and clinical practice related to schizophrenia. Here, we found that the concentration of DA and the expression of DA receptor D2 (DRD2) were significantly higher in schizophrenia patients than in healthy individuals. Intriguingly, there was a positive correlation between HERV-W ENV and DA concentration. Depth analyses showed that there was a marked consistency between HERV-W ENV and DRD2 in schizophrenia. Studies in vitro indicated that HERV-W ENV could increase the DA concentration by regulating DA metabolism and induce the expression of DRD2. Co-IP assays and laser confocal scanning microscopy indicated cellular colocalization and a direct interaction between DRD2 and HERV-W ENV. Additionally, HERV-W ENV caused structural and functional abnormalities of DA neurons. Further studies showed that HERV-W ENV could trigger the PP2A/AKT1/GSK3 pathway via DRD2. A whole-cell patch-clamp analysis suggested that HERV-W ENV enhanced sodium influx through DRD2. In conclusion, we uncovered a relationship between HERV-W ENV and the dopaminergic system in the DA neurons. Considering that GNbAC1, a selective monoclonal antibody to the MSRV-specific epitope, has been promised as a therapy for treating type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinical trials, understanding the precise function of HERV-W ENV in the dopaminergic system may provide new insights into the treatment of schizophrenia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document