Sequence Note: Full-Length Sequence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype A, Recombined with Subtype C in theenvV3 Domain

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIMDAR SHEREFA ◽  
BO JOHANSSON ◽  
MIKA SALMINEN ◽  
ANDERS SÖNNERBORG
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Full Length Sequence ◽  
Subtype A

Full-Length Sequence of an Ethiopian Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Isolate of Genetic Subtype C

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 1329-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKA O. SALMINEN ◽  
BO JOHANSSON ◽  
ANDERS SÖNNERBORG ◽  
SEYOUM AYEHUNIE ◽  
DEANNA GOTTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Genetic Subtype ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Full Length Sequence ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals CCR5- and CXCR4-Tropic Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates Have a Lower Level of Pathogenic Fitness than Other Dominant Group M Subtypes: Implications for the Epidemic

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 5592-5605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Awet Abraha ◽  
Immaculate L. Nankya ◽  
Richard Gibson ◽  
Korey Demers ◽  
Denis M. Tebit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C is the dominant subtype globally, due largely to the incidence of subtype C infections in sub-Saharan Africa and east Asia. We compared the relative replicative fitness (ex vivo) of the major (M) group of HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, D, and CRF01_AE and group O isolates. To estimate pathogenic fitness, pairwise competitions were performed between CCR5-tropic (R5) or CXCR4-tropic (X4) virus isolates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A general fitness order was observed among 33 HIV-1 isolates; subtype B and D HIV-1 isolates were slightly more fit than the subtype A and dramatically more fit than the 12 subtype C isolates. All group M isolates were more fit (ex vivo) than the group O isolates. To estimate ex vivo transmission fitness, a subset of primary HIV-1 isolates were examined in primary human explants from penile, cervical, and rectal tissues. Only R5 isolates and no X4 HIV-1 isolates could replicate in these tissues, whereas the spread to PM1 cells was dependent on active replication and passive virus transfer. In tissue competition experiments, subtype C isolates could compete with and, in some cases, even win over subtype A and D isolates. However, when the migratory cells from infected tissues were mixed with a susceptible cell line, the subtype C isolates were outcompeted by other subtypes, as observed in experiments with PBMC. These findings suggest that subtype C HIV-1 isolates might have equal transmission fitness but reduced pathogenic fitness relative to other group M HIV-1 isolates.

Full-Length Genome Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C in Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabri Sanabani ◽  
Walter Kleine Neto ◽  
Dercy José De Sa Filho ◽  
Ricardo Sobhie Diaz ◽  
Patrícia Munerato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Full Length Genome

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Phylogenetic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C: a Set of 23 Full-Length Clones from Botswana

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 4427-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Novitsky ◽  
Monty A. Montano ◽  
Mary F. McLane ◽  
Boris Renjifo ◽  
Fredrik Vannberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT To better understand the virological aspect of the expanding AIDS epidemic in southern Africa, a set of 23 near-full-length clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) representing eight AIDS patients from Botswana were sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. All study viruses from Botswana belonged to HIV-1 subtype C. The interpatient diversity of the clones from Botswana was higher than among full-length isolates of subtype B or among a set of full-length HIV-1 genomes of subtype C from India (mean value of 9.1% versus 6.5 and 4.3%, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both comparisons). Similar results were observed in all genes across the entire viral genome. We suggest that the high level of HIV-1 diversity might be a typical feature of the subtype C epidemic in southern Africa. The reason or reasons for this diversity are unclear, but may include an altered replication efficiency of HIV-1 subtype C and/or the multiple introduction of different subtype C viruses.

scholarly journals Full-Length Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomes from Subtype C-Infected Seroconverters in India, with Evidence of Intersubtype Recombination

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita S. Lole ◽  
Robert C. Bollinger ◽  
Ramesh S. Paranjape ◽  
Deepak Gadkari ◽  
Smita S. Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Ctl Epitopes ◽  
Subtype B ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The development of an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine is likely to depend on knowledge of circulating variants of genes other than the commonly sequenced gag andenv genes. In addition, full-genome data are particularly limited for HIV-1 subtype C, currently the most commonly transmitted subtype in India and worldwide. Likewise, little is known about sequence variation of HIV-1 in India, the country facing the largest burden of HIV worldwide. Therefore, the objective of this study was to clone and characterize the complete genome of HIV-1 from seroconverters infected with subtype C variants in India. Cocultured HIV-1 isolates were obtained from six seroincident individuals from Pune, India, and virtually full-length HIV-1 genomes were amplified, cloned, and sequenced from each. Sequence analysis revealed that five of the six genomes were of subtype C, while one was a mosaic of subtypes A and C, with multiple breakpoints in env,nef, and the 3′ long terminal repeat as determined by both maximal χ2 analysis and phylogenetic bootstrapping. Sequences were compared for preservation of known cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. Compared with those of the HIV-1LAI sequence, 38% of well-defined CTL epitopes were identical. The proportion of nonconservative substitutions for Env, at 61%, was higher (P < 0.001) than those for Gag (24%), Pol (18%), and Nef (32%). Therefore, characterized CTL epitopes demonstrated substantial differences from subtype B laboratory strains, which were most pronounced in Env. Because these clones were obtained from Indian seroconverters, they are likely to facilitate vaccine-related efforts in India by providing potential antigens for vaccine candidates as well as for assays of vaccine responsiveness.

scholarly journals Subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Disease Stage among Women in Nairobi, Kenya

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 4393-4403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel R. Neilson ◽  
Grace C. John ◽  
Jean K. Carr ◽  
Paul Lewis ◽  
Joan K. Kreiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Subtype A ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, where the effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been most devastating, there are multiple subtypes of this virus. The distribution of different subtypes within African populations is generally not linked to particular risk behaviors. Thus, Africa is an ideal setting in which to examine the diversity and mixing of viruses from different subtypes on a population basis. In this setting, it is also possible to address whether infection with a particular subtype is associated with differences in disease stage. To address these questions, we analyzed the HIV-1 subtype, plasma viral loads, and CD4 lymphocyte levels in 320 women from Nairobi, Kenya. Subtype was determined by a combination of heteroduplex mobility assays and sequence analyses of envelope genes, using geographically diverse subtype reference sequences as well as envelope sequences of known subtype from Kenya. The distribution of subtypes in this population was as follows: subtype A, 225 (70.3%); subtype D, 65 (20.5%); subtype C, 22 (6.9%); and subtype G, 1 (0.3%). Intersubtype recombinant envelope genes were detected in 2.2% of the sequences analyzed. Given that the sequences analyzed represented only a small fraction of the proviral genome, this suggests that intersubtype recombinant viral genomes may be very common in Kenya and in other parts of Africa where there are multiple subtypes. The plasma viral RNA levels were highest in women infected with subtype C virus, and women infected with subtype C virus had significantly lower CD4 lymphocyte levels than women infected with the other subtypes. Together, these data suggest that women in Kenya who are infected with subtype C viruses are at more advanced stages of immunosuppression than women infected with subtype A or D. There are at least two models to explain the data from this cross-sectional study; one is that infection with subtype C is associated with a more rapid disease progression, and the second is that subtype C represents an older epidemic in Kenya. Discriminating between these possibilities in a longitudinal study will be important for increasing our understanding of the role of specific subtypes in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV-1.

scholarly journals Env sequence determinants in CXCR4-using human immunodeficiency virus type-1 subtype C

Virology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 433 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina H. Lin ◽  
Carlos Becerril ◽  
Francoise Giguel ◽  
Vladimir Novitsky ◽  
Sikhulile Moyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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