Coniferyl Benzoate in Quaking Aspen (Populus tremuloides): Its Effect on Energy and Nitrogen Digestion and Retention in Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Jakubas ◽  
William H. Karasov ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus ◽  
Coniferyl Benzoate

Sodium balance in ruffed grouse as influenced by sodium levels and plant secondary metabolites in quaking aspen

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Jakubas ◽  
Christopher G. Guglielmo ◽  
Conrad Vispo ◽  
William H. Karasov
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Coniferyl Benzoate

Forages in boreal ecosystems are often deficient in sodium for mammalian herbivores. Moreover, consumption of various plant secondary metabolites has been associated with negative sodium balance in mammals. Neither of these issues has been investigated in birds, which differ from mammals in their ion-exchange processes and postrenal absorption of urine. Our objectives were to determine if ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) can maintain sodium balance on quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) flower buds, an important winter food, and to determine if the buds' primary plant secondary metabolite (coniferyl benzoate) further compromises a bird's sodium balance. Captive ruffed grouse were fed either aspen buds (0.063 mg∙g−1 sodium) or a formulated diet having different concentrations of coniferyl benzoate in no-choice feeding trials. Sodium excretion did not change in response to coniferyl benzoate intake or acid load from detoxication processes; however, birds were marginally in negative sodium balance (P = 0.035; −5.06 ± 2.05 mg∙kg−1∙d−1) when feeding on aspen buds. Sodium levels in the feces from free-ranging grouse (0.050 ± 0.0 mg∙g−1) and in their winter foods (0.065 mg∙g−1) indicated that these birds likely maintained sodium balance. We estimated that free-ranging ruffed grouse may need as little as 7 mg∙kg−1∙d−1 of sodium to maintain sodium balance, which is lower than the minimum sodium requirements for poultry and mammals.

Coniferyl benzoate in quaking aspen A ruffed grouse feeding deterrent

1990 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1077-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter J. Jakubas ◽  
Gordon W. Gullion
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Deterrent ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Coniferyl Benzoate

Impact à court terme d'une coupe avec protection de la régénération sur la gélinotte huppée (Bonasa umbellus) en forêt boréale

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Dussault ◽  
Réhaume Courtois ◽  
Jean Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs

We studied the short-term impact of cutting with the protection of regeneration (CPR) on ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) and its habitat. Drumming males were surveyed in the boreal forest of western Quebec between 1990 and 1994 in 5 control stands and 10 stands that were cut in 1992. Cutting caused a 50% decline in total density and basal area of trees. In harvested stands, shrubs were less abundant than in control stands. Lateral cover between 1 and 2 m and canopy closure were also lower in cut stands. In the harvested stands, the density varied between 14.1 and 22.6 drummers/km2 between 1990 and 1992 before the CPR. In 1993, density declined to 10.1 but was reestablished at 21.5 in 1994. Densities did not differ significantly before or after the CPR nor between cut and uncut stands (p > 0.05). After the CPR, the grouse generally established their drumming sites in the periphery of cut areas. There they found lateral cover and canopy closure similar to those measured in control stands by choosing sites where deciduous shrubs were more abundant than in the remainder of the stand. However, the characteristics of the tree stratum were not optimal; their overall density, that of Betulaceae, and that of Salicaceae were higher near drumming sites located in control stands than those in harvested stands. In harvested stands, drumming sites had a lower total basal area of trees, and namely that of deciduous trees, than in control sites. To maintain ruffed grouse populations immediately after cutting in mixed and deciduous stands of public lands, we suggest that CPRs be in 15-ha blocks while maintaining a basal area of at least 7.5 m2/ha, half of which should be in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.).

scholarly journals Polyploidy influences plant–environment interactions in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burke T Greer ◽  
Christopher Still ◽  
Grace L Cullinan ◽  
J Renée Brooks ◽  
Frederick C Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Plant Environment

Canopy and edge activity of bats in a quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Pettit ◽  
K.T. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Cart Analysis

Characteristics of edges affect the behavior of species that are active in and near edges. Forest canopies may provide edge-like habitat for bats, though bat response to edge orientation has not been well examined. We sampled bat activity in quaking aspen ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) forest canopies and edges in Heber Valley, Utah, during summer 2009 using Anabat detectors. Categorization and regression tree (CART) analysis of echolocation characteristics (e.g., frequency, duration) identified two guilds based on characteristic frequency (i.e., high- and low-frequency guilds). We used linear regression to compare characteristics of canopy and edge vegetation (e.g., tree height, diameter at breast height) to bat activity levels. Activity levels of high-frequency bats did not respond differentially to edge vegetation; low-frequency bat activity seemed to respond to canopy height. Activity levels of high-frequency bats were significantly greater than low-frequency bats in both edges and canopies. We detected significantly more bat activity in forest edges than in forest canopies, indicating the importance of edges to bats in forests.

Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. and T. paddae from Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos in Ontario, Canada, with notes on the biology of T. ontarioensis n.sp.

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2107-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick T. K. Woo ◽  
Cheryl M. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Melopsittacus Undulatus ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Corvus Brachyrhynchos ◽  
Domestic Chicks ◽  
Serinus Canarius

Two morphologically distinct trypanosomes (Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. and Trypanosoma paddae) were found by the haematocrit centrifuge technique in the blood of 53% (64 of 121) of Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos wintering in southern Ontario. Trypanosoma ontarioensis n.sp. is a small trypanosome with subterminal kinetoplast. It is monomorphic and not host specific. It was readily cultured in diphasic blood-agar medium. Two-week cultures were infective and contained dividing sphaeromastigotes, epimastigotes, and trypomastigotes. Blood trypomastigotes were detected in low numbers in the blood of inoculated birds (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos, Bonasa umbellus, Gallus domesticus, Melopsittacus undulatus, and Serinus canarius) at 28 and 48 days postinfection. The crows, ruffed grouse, and domestic chicks were laboratory raised while the budgerigars and canaries were from pet stores. One canary that was further examined at 180, 360, 540, 730, and 910 days postinfection still had detectable numbers of trypanosomes in its blood.

Impact of extrafloral nectar availability and plant genotype on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to quaking aspen (Salicaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon R. Newman ◽  
Diane Wagner ◽  
Patricia Doak
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Natural Induction ◽  
Formica Fusca ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Nectar Availability

AbstractFor quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux; Salicaceae) the rate of extrafloral (EF) sugar secretion is increased by defoliation and decreased by drought. Although wholesale blocking of EF nectar has been shown to reduce ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to aspen, the effect of more subtle and realistic variations in nectar availability on ant recruitment is unknown. Working in Alaskan boreal forest (United States of America), we reduced and supplemented EF nectar availability on potted aspen ramets of three genotypes and surveyed visitation by free-living Formica fusca (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ants were more responsive to a subtle increase in sugar availability than to a decrease. While nectar reduction had no effect on ant visitation, nectar supplementation increased ant visitation to one aspen genotype by 70% during an early summer trial. Average ant visitation to different aspen genotypes varied during the late summer, indicating that aspen genotype can influence attractiveness to ants. We conclude that natural induction of EF secretion in response to herbivory may benefit aspen through improved ant recruitment, though the response is dependent on aspen genotype and time of year. Differences among aspen genets in attractiveness to ants could influence the relative success of genotypes, especially in settings in which aspen regenerates from seed.

Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus)

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Rusch ◽  
Stephen Destefano ◽  
Michael C. Reynolds ◽  
David Lauten
Keyword(s):  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus

ENDOGENOUS DEVELOPMENT AND PATHOGENICITY OF EIMERIA ANGUSTA IN THE RUFFED GROUSE, BONASA UMBELLUS

1984 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Ian K. Barker ◽  
Allan Garbutt ◽  
Alex L. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus

Avian Haemoproteidae. 12. The haemoproteids of the grouse family Tetraonidae

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1465-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. White ◽  
Gordon F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Ruffed Grouse ◽  
Bonasa Umbellus

The haemoproteids of the grouse family Tetraonidae are reviewed. Haemoproteus stableri n.sp. is described from the ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus, from Montana. Haemoproteus rotundus Oliger, 1956 and H. canachites Fallis and Bennett, 1960, are declared synonyms of Haemoproteus mansoni Castellani and Chalmers, 1910.

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