The Metabolic Cost of Maintaining Position for Four North American Stream Fishes: Effects of Season and Velocity

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Facey ◽  
Gary D. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Stream Fishes

Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes

Copeia ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Fausch ◽  
William J. Matthews ◽  
David C. Heins
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Stream Fishes

Home Range Estimates for Three North American Stream Fishes

Copeia ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 (2) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hill ◽  
Gary D. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
North American ◽  
Stream Fishes

Alteration of buoyancy by some Central American stream fishes, and a comparison with North American species

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Gee ◽  
Phyllis A. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
North American ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Central American ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
The North ◽  
Excess Internal Pressure

Of 23 species (nine families) of Central American fishes examined, nine (eight physostomes, one physoclist) did not reduce buoyancy by decreasing swim-bladder volume when current was encountered. The remainder (six physostomes, eight physoclists) decreased buoyancy, usually within 24–48 h, but three of these species (one physostome) were unable to maintain a reduced buoyancy for as long as 72 h once the minimum was achieved. All species have an excess internal pressure of swim-bladder gas. All of the North American species that have been studied do show a buoyancy alteration in response to changes in water current and adjust to a greater extent, although rates of adjustment appear similar to those of Central American fishes. Differences in flow regime between North and Central American streams are described and may partially account for these differences in reaction to water current.

scholarly journals Shared morphological consequences of global warming in North American migratory birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Weeks ◽  
David E. Willard ◽  
Aspen A. Ellis ◽  
Max L. Witynski ◽  
Mary Hennen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Size ◽  
North American ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
General Response

ABSTRACTIncreasing temperatures associated with climate change are predicted to cause reductions in body size, a key determinant of animal physiology and ecology. Using a four-decade specimen series of 70,716 individuals of 52 North American migratory bird species, we demonstrate that increasing annual summer temperature over the 40-year period drove consistent reductions in body size across these diverse taxa. Concurrently, wing length – which impacts nearly all aspects of avian ecology and behavior – has consistently increased across taxa. Our findings suggest that warming-induced body size reduction is a general response to climate change, and reveal a similarly consistent shift in an ecologically-important dimension of body shape. We hypothesize that increasing wing length represents a compensatory adaptation to maintain migration as reductions in body size have increased the metabolic cost of flight. An improved understanding of warming-induced morphological changes, and their limits, are important for predicting biotic responses to global change.

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