Differential Approaches to Blood Acid-Base Regulation during Exposure to Prolonged Hypercapnia in Two Freshwater Teleosts: The Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1164-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hyde ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Acid-Base Regulation Following Exhaustive Exercise: A Comparison Between Freshwaterand Sea Water-Adapted Rainbow Trout (Salmo Gairdneri)

1989 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. TANG ◽  
D. G. McDONALD ◽  
R. G. BOUTILIER
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Counter Ions

Blood acid-base regulation following exhaustive exercise was investigated in freshwater- (FW) and seawater- (SW) adapted rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of the same genetic stock. Following exhaustive exercise at 10°C, both FW and SW trout displayed a mixed respiratory and metabolic blood acidosis. However, in FW trout the acidosis was about double that of SW trout and arterial blood pH took twice as long to correct. These SW/FW differences were related to the relative amounts of net H+ equivalent excretion to the environmental water, SW trout excreting five times as much as FW trout. The greater H+ equivalent excretion in SW trout may be secondary to changes in the gills that accompany the adaptation from FW to SW. It may also be related to the higher concentrations of HCO3− as well as other exchangeable counter-ions (Na+ and Cl−) in the external medium in SW compared to FW.

scholarly journals The pattern of carbon dioxide excretion in the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
M. S. Haswell ◽  
D. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gill Epithelium ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Plasma Bicarbonate ◽  
O2 Delivery ◽  
Co2 Excretion

1. Patterns of carbon dioxide excretion were investigated in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 2. The loss of erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase caused by severe anaemia does not affect acid/base regulation or the ability of fish to excrete CO2. 3. Bicarbonate excretion across the saline-perfused gills of trout is significant even though residence time for the saline in the gills is only 1--3 s. CO2 excretion across these saline-perfused gills is blocked by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, diamox. 4. The excretion of CO2 in fish is via the movement of plasma bicarbonate into the gill epithelium where branchial carbonic anhydrase catalyses the production of CO2. Fish can adjust pH by regulating bicarbonate movement across the gills. 5. The erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase is not necessary for CO2 excretion in the gills but is involved in facilitating Bohr and Root shifts to augment O2 delivery in the tissues.

scholarly journals Acid-Base and Ionic Regulation in the American Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) During and after Prolonged Aerial Exposure: Branchial and Renal Adjustments

1987 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. HYDE ◽  
S. F. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Urine Flow ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Aerial Exposure ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Extracellular Compartment ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Pronounced Reduction

To whom reprint request should be addressed. The involvement of the gill and kidney in acid-base regulation was examined in the American eel, Anguilla rostrata, during 36h of continuous air-exposure and subsequent return to water. While in air, eels developed a severe mixed respiratory/- metabolic acidosis. Renal acid excretion increased only slightly during the latter stages of air-exposure. A pronounced reduction in urine flow rate was important to minimize dehydration but essentially eliminated the kidney as a route for excess acid excretion. Upon return to the water, eels had accrued an extracellular metabolic acid load of 9.53 mmol 1−1. The metabolic acid was cleared from the extracellular compartment at an exceptionally low rate (approximately 70μmol kg−1 h−1) and about 50 % of the acid load remained after 18 h of recovery in water. The clearance of metabolic acid was accounted for by enhanced branchial acid excretion which was related primarily to adjustments of unidirectional Na+ fluxes. Unidirectional Cl− fluxes were undetectable using radiotracer methods. We speculate that the inefficiency of acid-base regulation in the eel compared to other teleosts is, in part, related to the absence of significant branchial C1−/HCO3− exchange.

Branchial Ionic Uptake and Acid-Base Regulation in the Rainbow Trout, Salmo Gairdneri

1981 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-303
Author(s):  
S. F. PERRY ◽  
M. S. HASWELL ◽  
D. J. RANDALL ◽  
A. P. FARRELL
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Chloride Uptake ◽  
Disulphonic Acid ◽  
Ionic Uptake

1. Amiloride (10−4 M) inhibited sodium uptake in rainbow trout by 78% and was associated with a pronounced acidosis and decreases in both plasma total CO2 (Tcoco2)* and [HCO3−]. 2. 4-acetamido-4′-iso-thiocyanatostilbene-2,2′ disulphonic acid (SITS) (10−4M) in the bathing medium inhibited chloride uptake by 66% and following 6 h a significant decrease in plasma [H+] and significant increases in TCOCO2 and [HCO3−] were observed. 3. Inhibition of chloride uptake (50%) with external sodium bicarbonate (12 mM) resulted in a more rapid and pronounced alkalosis than did SITS inhibition. 4. Hypercapnic acidosis had no significant effect on the rates of branchial sodium and chloride uptake. 5. Increasing the concentration of sodium in the bathing water resulted in a less pronounced acidosis and a more rapid pH recovery during hypercapnia. 6. These results are discussed with reference to the gill as an acid-base regulating structure. These findings are consistent with a gill model previously presented by Haswell, Randall & Perry (1980).

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