COLLECTIVE DECISION-MAKING MODELS AND THE MEASUREMENT OF BENEFITS IN FISCAL INCIDENCE STUDIES

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
KENNETH V. GREENE
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
Decision Making Models

Usefulness of Agent-Based Simulation in Testing Collective Decision-Making Models

2014 ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Lucas ◽  
Diane Payne
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Peer Review Journal ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Collective Negotiations ◽  
Other Regarding

Political scientists seek to build more realistic Collective Decision-Making Models (henceforth CDMM) which are implemented as computer simulations. The starting point for this present chapter is the observation that efficient progress in this field may be being hampered by the fact that the implementation of these models as computer simulations may vary considerably and the code for these computer simulations is not usually made available. CDMM are mathematically deterministic formulations (i.e. without probabilistic inputs or outputs) and are aimed at explaining the behaviour of individuals involved in dynamic, collective negotiations with any number of policy decision-related issues. These CDMM differ from each other regarding the particular bargaining strategies implemented and tested in each model for how the individuals reach a collective binding policy agreement. The CDMM computer simulations are used to analyse the data and generate predictions of a collective decision. While the formal mathematical treatment of the models and empirical findings of CDMM are usually presented and discussed through peer-review journal publications, access to these CDMM implementations as computer simulations are often unavailable online nor easily accessed offline and this tends to dissuade cross fertilisation and learning in the field.

Non-Congruent Views about Signal Precision in Collective Decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Addison Pan ◽  
Simona Fabrizi ◽  
Steffen Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Aggregation ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Simple Majority ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Conventional Models

Abstract We relax the standard assumptions in collective decision-making models that voters can not only derive a perfect view about the accuracy of the information at their disposal before casting their votes, but can, in addition, also correctly assess other voters’ views about it. We assume that decision-makers hold potentially differing views, while remaining ignorant about such differences, if any. In this setting, we find that information aggregation works well with voting rules other than simple majority: as voters vote less often against their information than in conventional models, they can deliver higher-quality decisions, including in the canonical 12 jurors case. We obtain voting equilibria with many instances, in which other voting rules, including unanimity, clearly outperform simple majority.

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

Corruption and Anticorruption in Democratic Athens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Alexander The Great ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Individual Judgment ◽  
Collective Judgment ◽  
Hidden Knowledge

The chapter examines a major corruption scandal that involved the Athenian orator Demosthenes and an official of Alexander the Great. This episode reveals how tensions between individual and collective decision-making practices shaped Athenian understandings of corruption and anticorruption. The various and multiple anticorruption measures of Athens sought to bring ‘hidden’ knowledge into the open and thereby remove information from the realm of individual judgment, placing it instead into the realm of collective judgment. The Athenian experience therefore suggests that participatory democracy, and a civic culture that fosters political equality rather than reliance on individual expertise, provides a key bulwark against corruption.

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