SOURCES OF FARM INCOME UNDERREPORTING: GROSS RECEIPTS OR DEDUCTIONS?

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-376
Author(s):  
WAYLAND D. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Underreporting

scholarly journals Do Most U.S. Farms Really Lose Money? Taxation and Farm Income Underreporting

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
pp. 646-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Key
Keyword(s):  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Substantial Discrepancy ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Income Underreporting

AbstractThis article explores whether income underreporting for tax purposes can explain why the majority of U.S. farmers earn low or negative net farm income. Using 10 years of U.S. Department of Agriculture farm-level data, the extent of underreporting is estimated by exploiting the fact that farm households face an incentive to underreport farm income that varies with their reported off-farm income. Results indicate that 39% of total farm income is underreported. For large farms, the results imply a substantial discrepancy between reported and earned farm income. For small-scale operations, underreporting reduces but does not eliminate the gap between farm and off-farm wages.

Anatomy for economy: Starting from the rumen keratinization degree to enhance the farm income

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Scocco ◽  
Sergio Rivaroli ◽  
Francesca Mercati ◽  
Federico M. Tardella ◽  
Alessandro Malfatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income

Rural Industrialization in Korea: Policy Program, Performance and Rural Entrepreneurship

2013 ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Suh Chong-Hyuk ◽  
Kim Hyong-Mo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Income Source ◽  
Rural Industrialization ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Industrialization Policy ◽  
Stagnation Period

From the early seventies the Korean Government has adopted a rural industrialization policy as an important measure for promoting rural development. It has been perceived that through this measure the over-concentration of economic activity would be controlled and dispersed. Development of rural industrialization has passed through three different phases: i) the period of promoting rural cottage-type industries (1960-80); ii) the period of rural industrial park establishment; and iii) a stagnation period after the early 1990s. Throughout the overall period government policy changed from an individual project-oriented approach to a diversified and comprehensive policy program. The policy programs, such as the development of rural industrial parks, off-farm income source development and vocational training programs for farm youths, have helped in promoting rural industrialization. On the other hand, policy programs promoting rural out-migration and unbalanced regional development policy have impacted negatively on rural industrialization. Presently one of the serious policy issues facing rural industries is how to secure a young labor force and how to promote rural entrepreneurship. In addition, rural development efforts by local government and authorities are necessary in order to increase investment from urban-based entrepreneur firms. Keywords:Rural industrialization, farm household, off-farm income, rural development, rural industrial park, rural

PROFITABILITY OF CROP PRODUCTION UNDER THE KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT, NORTHERN, NIGERIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 963-972
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Abbas Yakubu ◽  
K.M. Baba ◽  
I. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Irrigation Project ◽  
Storage Facilities

Four major crops rice, maize, wheat and tomato were examined in the Kano River Irrigation Project. The project was divided into 3 sections; the head, middle and tail ends. One hundred farmers were randomly selected from each sections making a total of 300 hundred farmers. Net farm income, and profitability index were used to assess the profitability of the enterprises. It was concluded Rice, maize, and wheat were profitable while tomato was unprofitable that year attributable to market glut and perishability of the crop. It was recommended that storage facilities be provided by both private and government agencies to curtail the losses incurred by the farmers.

Farm Income and National Income

1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
Frank W. Peck
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Farm Income

Factors Affecting the Type of 6 th Industrialization and Farm Income

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Lee ◽  
Kwansoo Kim ◽  
Donghwan An
Keyword(s):  
Farm Income ◽  
Factors Affecting

Technical Efficiency in Seed Potato Production Systems in Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3(J)) ◽  
pp. 122-140
Author(s):  
Ambrose Rwaheru Aheisibwe ◽  
Razack B. Lokina ◽  
Aloyce S. Hepelwa
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Seed Potato ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Income Source

This study established the level of technical efficiency and its determinants among the informal and formal seed potato producers in the southwestern highlands agro - ecological zone of Uganda. A multi- stage sampling procedure was employed to select 636 households (499 informal seed producers and 137 formal seed producers) from which data was collected for two seasons using a semi - structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier approach with a one - step approach. Maximum likelihood estimates for the efficiency parameters showed that both informal and formal seed potato producers were not fully efficient. The mean technical efficiency for informal and formal seed potato producers was 8 1 .4 and 80.4 percent respectively. In terms of yield loss, informal and formal seed potato producers respectively lost an average of 981 and 1,208 kg/acre of seed potato tubers due to inefficiency factors . Specifically, off- farm income source, scale of production, seasonal variation, access to extension services and seed producer being male positively influenced informal seed producers’ technical efficiency while producers’ level of education and seed potato variety diversity negatively influenced their efficiency. For formal seed producers, technical efficiency was influenced positively by producers’ education and negatively by household size. The study suggests that there is an opportunity to improve technical efficiency of informal and formal seed producers by 19 and 20 percent respectively. Therefore, this calls for increased investment in developing and promoting high yielding varieties, provision of extension services, input intensification and addressing gender issues in seed potato production in the context of limited arable land .

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Alexander Gocht ◽  
Nicola Consmüller ◽  
Ferike Thom ◽  
Harald Grethe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

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