COUNTERCYCLICAL ROLE OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
JAMES A. MAXWELL
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
State And Local

Industrial Policy and Local Economic Transformation: Evidence From the U.S. Rust Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110228
Author(s):  
Ben Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
State And Local

State and local governments frequently invest in policies aimed at stimulating the growth of new industries, but studies of industrial policy and related economic development initiatives cast doubt on their effectiveness. This article examines the role of state-level industrial policies in contributing to the different economic trajectories of two U.S. metro areas—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio—as they adapted to the decline of their legacy industries. Comparative case studies show that industrial policies in Pittsburgh, which empowered research universities as local economic leaders, contributed to the transformation of the local economy. In Cleveland, by contrast, state industrial policies invested in making incremental improvements, particularly in legacy sectors. The article concludes that by empowering new local economic actors—such as universities—industrial policies can foment political change that enables structural economic change to follow.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC COMPONENTS OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS REGULATION MECHANISM IN THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Viktor Nyzhnyk ◽  
Oleh Rudyk
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Local

The study is devoted to the substantiation of the basic components of the mechanism of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities of Ukraine. The article analyzes the research on the role of the state and local governments in regulating and developing social and labor relations at the local level. The leading world concepts in regulating social and labor relations have been characterized. The purpose and role of local self- government bodies in regulating social and labor relations have been defined. The basic scientific approaches to the concept of “community development” have been investigated. Based on the research, the basic components of the mechanisms of regulation of social and labor relations in the united territorial communities have been identified and their characteristics have been given.

The role of gap analyses in energy assurance planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Katherine Shea, JD
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Power Outages ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

Energy-related emergencies, such as power outages or interruptions to other energy supplies, can arise from a number of factors. Common causes include severe weather events—such as snowstorms, hurricanes, or summer storms with strong winds—as well as energy infrastructure that is overburdened, aging, or in need of repair. As past experience indicates, jurisdictions will continue to experience severe weather events, as well as confront infrastructure issues that make future power outages likely. As a result, state and local governments have turned to energy assurance planning, an energy-specific form of planning that helps jurisdictions prepare for and recover from energy emergencies. Energy assurance recognizes that power loss/disruption cannot be eradicated completely, but jurisdictions can mitigate the impact of power loss through effective planning. This article discusses the role of energy assurance planning and provides a description of what energy assurance means and why developing such plans at the state and local levels is important. In addition, this article discusses the role of statutory gap analyses in energy assurance planning and discusses how a gap analysis can be used by planners to identify trends and gaps in energy assurance. To provide context, a recently conducted statutory gap analysis analyzing national emergency backup power trends is provided as a case study. A summary of this project and key findings is included. Finally, this article briefly touches on legislation as an alternative to energy assurance planning, and provides summaries of recent legislative proposals introduced in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.

scholarly journals Understanding China’s Economic Success: “Embeddedness” with Chinese Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xing
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market Society ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
State And Local

<p class="1Body">This study attempts to provide a framework for understanding the role of the “embeddedness” in China’s economic success reflected by a unique embedded integration of state-market-society relations. “Embeddedness with Chinese characteristics” is the central concept of this study for analyzing how cultural and political uniqueness influences economic activities and shapes distinctive institutional forms. In order to grasp the factors behind the Chinese economic success, it is important to understand how the disembedded forces of marketization and commodification were balanced by the embedded forces of socio-cultural and political structures. These historically and culturally shaped structures, such as the active role of the state and local governments, the variety of forms of property and business ownership, the traditional culture of clientele-based social relations, etc., provide rich empirical context to explain and analyze the “embedded” hegemony in transitional China. The first part of the this paper provides a conceptual framework for understanding socio-cultural and political embeddedness in China and the second part analyzes some characteristics of the state-market-society embedded process during its economic development in the past decades. The conclusion is that China’s economic reform and success manifest a long and innovative grinding-in process of state-market-society relations.</p>

The Fight for Access to Government Records round Two: Enter the Computer

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigman L. Splichal ◽  
Bill F. Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Public Records ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Government Records

Federal, state, and local governments are converting public records to computer formats at a rapid pace, creating novel issues with respect to public access. Record requesters are finding access laws, written when most documents were on paper and stored in file cabinets, inadequate when applied to requests for records held in government computers. As a result, requesters have turned to the courts to define the contours of public access in the computer age. Several court cases suggest government agencies are using the fact information is in a computer as an excuse to withhold records. This paper underlines the need to rewrite access laws to acknowledge the pervasive role of computers in government. It proposes a fifteen-point approach to computerized information to help guide the public and media in their quest to ensure computers are used to enhance public access, not undermine it.

The role of defensible space for residential structure protection during wildfires

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Syphard ◽  
Teresa J. Brennan ◽  
Jon E. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Defensible Space ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
State And Local

With the potential for worsening fire conditions, discussion is escalating over how to best reduce effects on urban communities. A widely supported strategy is the creation of defensible space immediately surrounding homes and other structures. Although state and local governments publish specific guidelines and requirements, there is little empirical evidence to suggest how much vegetation modification is needed to provide significant benefits. We analysed the role of defensible space by mapping and measuring a suite of variables on modern pre-fire aerial photography for 1000 destroyed and 1000 surviving structures for all fires where homes burned from 2001 to 2010 in San Diego County, CA, USA. Structures were more likely to survive a fire with defensible space immediately adjacent to them. The most effective treatment distance varied between 5 and 20 m (16–58 ft) from the structure, but distances larger than 30 m (100 ft) did not provide additional protection, even for structures located on steep slopes. The most effective actions were reducing woody cover up to 40% immediately adjacent to structures and ensuring that vegetation does not overhang or touch the structure. Multiple-regression models showed landscape-scale factors, including low housing density and distances to major roads, were more important in explaining structure destruction. The best long-term solution will involve a suite of prevention measures that include defensible space as well as building design approach, community education and proactive land use planning that limits exposure to fire.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE LOCAL BUDGETS’ ROLE: THE EXPERIENCE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Olena Zelenko ◽  
Liudmyla Denyshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Financial Capacity ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Real Estate Register ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this study is to determine the peculiarities of the development of local budgets in Ukraine in the frame of decentralization reform in the context of established trends in local budgeting in other countries. The research methodology is based on the theory of financial globalization and involves methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific knowledge, tools of analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation, generalization and analogy. As a result of the research, the foreign experience of forming local budgets is highlighted and the peculiarities of this process in different countries of the world are determined; a review of existing publications and an analysis of the dynamics of the structure of local budgets and Ukraine are done; qualitative characteristic of the current situation and recommendations for further development of the local budgeting process in Ukraine in the current conditions of globalization are provided. Among the main recommendations for increasing the revenue part of local budgets there are the following: creation of additional conditions by the state and local governments to improve the business climate in communities; inventory and arrangement of community land funds; creation and arrangement of the real estate register; audit of the communal enterprises activities of the community in order to find additional opportunities to increase the efficiency of their activities; support and motivation of local business for further activity and development; intensification of the centers of administrative services and search for opportunities which will improve the provision of paid services of any complexity in the short term; promoting the development of domestic tourism. The practical value of the results of this research is that the proposed recommendations are general, relevant and can be used for all territorial communities of Ukraine with no exception. The analysis of trends in the context of local budgeting development processes in other countries and the current situation regarding decentralization reform allowed us to conclude that Ukraine has chosen the right direction, which has a positive impact on the financial capacity of local communities. Ukraine’s path towards transforming the role of local budgets, despite the similarity of the general features of local budget restructuring, should be unique. The implementation of the presented proposals will contribute to the successful completion of the decentralization reform and the full implementation of the role of local budgets – ensuring sustainable financial capacity and meeting all the needs of the inhabitants of a particular area.

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