Under the Influence: History in Scientific Training, the Case of Textbooks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Scott L. Montgomery ◽  
Alok Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Training

scholarly journals An fMRI study of scientists with a Ph.D. in physics confronted with naive ideas in science

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Allaire-Duquette ◽  
Lorie-Marlène Brault Foisy ◽  
Patrice Potvin ◽  
Martin Riopel ◽  
Marilyne Larose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Neuroimaging Study ◽  
Scientific Value

AbstractA central challenge in developing conceptual understanding in science is overcoming naive ideas that contradict the content of science curricula. Neuroimaging studies reveal that high school and university students activate frontal brain areas associated with inhibitory control to overcome naive ideas in science, probably because they persist despite scientific training. However, no neuroimaging study has yet explored how persistent naive ideas in science are. Here, we report brain activations of 25 scientists with a Ph.D. in physics assessing the scientific value of naive ideas in science. Results show that scientists are slower and have lower accuracy when judging the scientific value of naive ideas compared to matched control ideas. fMRI data reveals that a network of frontal brain regions is more activated when judging naive ideas. Results suggest that naive ideas are likely to persist, even after completing a Ph.D. Advanced experts may still rely on high order executive functions like inhibitory control to overcome naive ideas when the context requires it.

scholarly journals Análise do Conhecimento sobre a Assistência de Lesão por Pressão Entre um Grupo de Docentes do Curso de Enfermagem

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5-esp.) ◽  
pp. 672-677
Author(s):  
Janaína Daniel Ouchi ◽  
Nádia Antônia Aparecida Poletti ◽  
Rodrigo Boscariol ◽  
Jeferson Agnelli
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Nursing Faculty ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Nursing Profession ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
The City ◽  
Education Nursing

A profissão de enfermagem caminha rumo ao trabalho transdisciplinar, com formação humanizada e científica. A docência em enfermagem é uma prática desafiadora e tem tido destaque nas produções científicas no Brasil e no exterior, que ganhou destaque nas últimas duas décadas, em função da necessidade de docentes atualizados e que atendam as reformulações do currículo. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento do docente enfermeiro a respeito de toda a Ciência acerca das diferentes lesões por pressão (LP). Foi realizado um estudo transversal, quantitativo, por meio da aplicação de um questionário investigativo, que analisou o conhecimento de docentes do Ensino Superior em uma Faculdade de Enfermagem da cidade de Sorocaba. Os docentes que participaram foram abordados pelo pesquisador, na instituição supracitada. As respostas dos enfermeiros participantes da pesquisa (n=14) apontaram uma média de 43 acertos para as 46 questões aplicadas. Essas questões levaram em conta os critérios atualmente utilizados e que são considerados qualificadores da assistência de enfermagem. A enfermagem evoluiu consideravelmente, empoderando-se na tomada de decisões frente aos cuidados relacionados à lesão de pele, porém essa conduta ainda não faz parte da rotina da maior parte dos profissionais. Destaca-se a necessidade de atualização constante sobre o tema, pois o mercado oferece de forma contínua ferramentas que auxiliam na prevenção e tratamento das lesões de pele.   Palavras-chave: Lesão por Pressão. Educação em Saúde. Cuidados de Enfermagem. Medicina Preventiva.   Abstract The nursing profession is moving towards transdisciplinary work, with humanized and scientific training. Nursing teaching is a challenging practice and has been highlighted in scientific productions in Brazil and abroad, which has gained prominence in the last two decades, due to the need for updated professors s and who meet the  curriculum reformulations. This research aimed to assess the nurse professor’s knowledge regarding all the science concerning the different pressure injuries (LP). A cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out by applying an investigative questionnaire, which analyzed the higher education professors’ knowledge at a  Nursing Faculty  in the city of Sorocaba. The professors who participated were approached by the researcher at the aforementioned institution. The nurses’ responses participating in the research (n=14) indicated an average of 43 correct answers for the 46 applied questions. These questions took into account the criteria currently used and which are considered nursing care qualifiers. Nursing has evolved considerably, empowering itself in making decisions regarding care related to skin lesions, but this conduct is not  part of the routine of most professionals yet. The need for constant updating on the topic is highlighted, as the market continuously offers tools that help in the prevention and treatment of skin lesions.   Keywords: Pressure Injury. Health Education. Nursing Care. Preventive Medicine.

scholarly journals Helena Antipoff: Science as a Passport for a Woman’s Career between Europe and Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Regina Regina Helena de Freitas Campos ◽  
Erika Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Education In Brazil

Helena Antipoff was one of the pioneers in the constitution of the fields of knowledge of educational psychology and special education in Brazil. Born in Russia, Antipoff received her education in Paris and Geneva. Researches in the history of education and of psychology have revealed the innovative character of Antipoff’s work as a researcher, as a professor and as a founder of different educational institutions in Brazil, with a focus on educational and psychological care for children with disabilities or at social risk. Her career is characterized by a sound scientific approach combined with a deep commitment to the right of children and youth to education and care. These directions can be associated with her scientific training in the sciences of education in a time of social turbulence and school reform, when many women became professionals in the field of education, trying to combine family, work and militant activity.

Statistics and statisticians in agricultural research

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-659
Author(s):  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Special Privilege ◽  
Good Research

SummaryAgricultural research now has a long tradition of being served by statisticians, both those who are professionally trained and others who (in no derogatory sense) may be described as amateurs because their primary scientific training is in some other discipline. This paper urges that, as part of good research management, more attention be given to the numbers of statisticians needed and the responsibilities they should undertake.Questions to be considered include not only ‘Who should analyse specified bodies of data?’ but also ‘Which data require full statistical treatment?’. Poor judgement here can mean that the pattern of statistical activity is governed by the forceful approaches of other scientists more than by the scientific content of a problem; moreover, statisticians may be left with no time for the vital tasks of collaborating with others in the planning of research and displaying initiative in new approaches to quantitative problems. Not all research institutes have yet made their statisticians collaborators and partners in research rather than technicians with sharply delimited duties.Agricultural statisticians today should be deeply involved in research in cooperation with other disciplines, as innovators in statistical technique, and to some extent in development of statistical theory. They must be encouraged to publish, as partners in research teams and individually, to produce and document computer programs that implement methods required in agricultural research, and to improve statistical understanding among their colleagues in other disciplines. They are scientists whose responsibilities and rights are equivalent to those of other disciplines but need to be interpreted in relation to the research role of their subject. This paper asks for their proper integration into agricultural research, and not for special privilege.

scholarly journals The Relative Value of Classical and Scientific Training

Nature ◽  
1870 ◽  
Vol 2 (39) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
G. ROLLESTON
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Training ◽  
Relative Value

ON THE NEED FOR STRENGTHENING THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG SCIENTISTS AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
В. Х. Акаев
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Young Scientist ◽  
University Research ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Scientific Training ◽  
Special Sciences ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Methodology Of Science

Изучение философии и методологии науки, философских проблем специальных наук магистрантами, аспирантами, молодыми учеными в техническом вузе - важная часть их теоретико-методологической, общенаучной подготовки. Специальные научные знания, получаемые студентами в техническом вузе, исследования, проводимые учеными, в том числе и молодыми, должны осмысливаться как в контексте широкого социокультурного, так и в конкретно-научном диапазоне. Очень важно, чтобы в этом контексте молодой ученый - аспирант, ассистент, избравший научный путь развития, освоил рациональные и эмпирические способы, методы исследования. Это возможно в том случае, если повысить уровень теоретико-методологической подготовки будущих специалистов, инженеров, молодых ученых. The study of philosophy and methodology of science, philosophical problems of special sciences by undergraduates, graduate students, and young scientists at a technical university is an important part of their theoretical, methodological, general scientific training. Special scientific knowledge obtained by students in a technical university, research carried out by scientists, including young people, should be comprehended both in the context of a wide socio-cultural and in a specific scientific range. It is very important that in this context a young scientist - graduate student, assistant, who has chosen the scientific path of development, mastered rational and empirical methods, research methods. This is possible if the level of theoretical and methodological training of future specialists, engineers, and young scientists is raised.

The Importance of Seeing Correctly

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Training ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Logical Fallacy

One of Bailey's early essays shows his desire to bring scientific training to gardening, arguing for the importance of correct observation to our experiences of everyday phenomena. He offers a humorous anecdote regarding the logical fallacy, "Post hoc ergo propter hoc" (Latin: "after this, therefore because of this"), in which a family cat is buried near a gooseberry bush and is falsely credited with causing hair to grow on the berries.

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