Policy-Induced Substitution to Illicit Drugs and Implications for Law Enforcement Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Mallatt
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Enforcement Activity

THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL UNDERSTANDING OF ANTI-CORRUPTION POLICY OF UKRAINE: THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
A. A. Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
European Integration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Third World Country ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Enforcement Activity ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation ◽  
The Eu

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the anti-corruption policy of Ukraine in the context of European integration. Considered that corruption has long been perceived in the EU as a negative phenomenon requiring systematic, strategic and concerted action of a transboundary and transnational character and, in general, a threat to the rule of law. The author concluded that Ukraine will continue to be perceived by a third world country as long as anti-corruption measures are duplicated from one strategic document to another. The anti-corruption strategy of Ukraine should be an early, strategic and systematic tool for the eradication of corruption and the formation of public justice in the context of zero tolerance for such phenomena. Now this is a set of normatively fixed declarative slogans that are consistent with international standards, but are not achievable in practical terms due to the lack of state strategic planning in advance. The new anti-corruption strategy must necessarily include a broad interpretation of all the concepts used in it, including the term “anti-corruption policy”. Taking into account the recommendations of the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly, the author’s vision of the term “anti-corruption policy” has been formed, as a set of principles, tasks, goals and principles of implementation of law-making and law-enforcement activity of public administration within the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms a state implemented by a system of methods, means and measures to combat corruption in priority areas and in accordance with anti-corruption standards and on the basis of transnational national and cross-border cooperation.

scholarly journals CONTRADICTIONS BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGY AND THE TERMINOLOGY OF THE LEGISLATION ON THE DEFINITION OF SUBJECTS AND PARTICIPANTS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
I. L. Zheltobriukh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Enforcement Activity

This paper explores the existing contradictions between the scientific terminology and the terminology of legislation regarding the definition of subjects and participants in the administrative process. It is noted that acquaintance with the scientific and educational- methodological literature shows that even today there is no clear justification of the relation between the terms “subject of administrative process” and “participant of administrative process”. The main reason for this state of affairs is due to differences in the laws of development of national administrative procedural legislation and the laws of development of science of administrative procedural law. It is concluded that there is a long-standing need to offer the scientific community and practitioners such a concept of relation between the terms “subject of administrative process” and “participant in administrative process”, which would reconcile the contradictions of the otological and epistemological terminology used in the CAS. The necessity to use in the science of administrative law and process justifies the concept according to which the administrative process should be considered as law enforcement activity of administrative courts related to the consideration and resolution of public law disputes. In such a case, the administrative court will always be the subject of the administrative court, whereas the parties, third parties, representatives, assistant judge, court secretary, court administrator, witness, expert, law expert, translator, specialist are only participants in the administrative process that is, persons involved in the enforcement of administrative law.

DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANISMS OF INFLUENCE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ON STATE REGULATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Zhukova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Enforcement Activity ◽  
Regulation Of Law

The role and significance of the influence of civil society on the processes of state regulation of law enforcement activities are revealed. The key aspects of state regulation of law enforcement activity under the condition of active influence of civil society representatives on it are revealed. The main factors of the influence of civil society on the activity of law enforcement bodies, which play an important role in the processes of ensuring the proper functioning of the system of state regulation of law enforcement activities in Ukraine, are substantiated. It is substantiated that in order to effectively perform the tasks assigned to law enforcement agencies, these structures interact with representatives of the public sector. It is proved that interaction with civil society of the law enforcement system is an important aspect to increase the effectiveness of these bodies in ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, public order and security, the interests of society and the state, as well as combating crime. Conclusions are formed regarding the content of new approaches to the organization of law enforcement agencies' work with the population, public organizations and local self-government bodies in the field of law enforcement. The complex of the existing administrative measures for achievement of the maximum efficiency of functioning of system of the state regulation of law enforcement activity in a foreshortening of influence of representatives of civil society on it is considered. Current trends and priority areas for improving the mechanisms of civil society influence on state regulation of law enforcement, in particular, the administrative and legal direction on a partnership basis, are outlined.

Cybercrime: Thieves, Swindlers, Bandits, and Privateers in Cyberspace

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-108
Author(s):  
Roderic Broadhurst
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross National

This chapter describes the definitions and scope of cybercrime including an outline of the history of hackers and the role of criminal networks and markets in the dissemination of malicious software and other contraband such as illicit drugs, stolen credit cards and personal identification, firearms, and criminal services. Different cybercrime types and methods are described, including the widespread use of ‘social engineering’ or deception in computer misuse and identity theft. The challenges facing law enforcement in the suppression of cybercrime and the important role of private and public partnerships, as well as cross-national cooperation in the suppression of cybercrime is illustrated.

scholarly journals Surveillance cultures, chains and holes in street level networking: dealing with drug users in Amsterdam (Netherlands) and Porto Alegre (Brazil)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Rigoni
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Surveillance Culture ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Surveillance Cultures

If surveillance is understood as a complex multi-dimensional process, then collaboration between health, social and law enforcement sectors can be viewed as a part of the surveillance culture of particular societies and urban settings. Policies towards illicit drugs usually build on a two-track approach—public health and public order—with different objectives that have to be negotiated daily by street level workers in the light of their differing beliefs on drug use. This paper brings examples of collaboration and non-collaboration among workers from social, health and law enforcement agencies in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Porto Alegre, Brazil in their daily interactions with drug users, to analyze the types of surveillance arising from these negotiations. The study utilizes results from 80 in-depth interviews with street level workers and 800 hours of participant observation carried out from February 2010 until March 2011, equally divided between the two cities. Different cultures of surveillance produce diverse state-citizen approaches in terms of coercion, care, and rights. In Amsterdam, close collaboration and information exchange among workers produce a ‘chain’ surveillance culture: an intensive screening allows drug users to have more access to care, yet, at the same time this can produce excessive control over users’ lives. In Porto Alegre, by contrast, insufficient collaboration produces a surveillance culture of ‘holes’: less systematic screening and lack of information sharing allows users to slip out of care, and of workers’ surveillance sight. Historically, though coming from apparently opposite extremes in terms of drug surveillance (respectively permissive and controlling), both Amsterdam and Porto Alegre in practice show surveillance cultures which combine care and order. Combinations, however, vary according to different assemblages between actors concerned with transforming drug users’ lives.

Flow My FE the Vendor Said: Exploring Violent and Fraudulent Resource Exchanges on Cryptomarkets for Illicit Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Moeller ◽  
Rasmus Munksgaard ◽  
Jakob Demant
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Resource Exchange ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Traditional Drug

A growing share of illicit drug distribution takes place using cryptomarkets that use encryption and anonymization technologies. The risks of law enforcement intervention and violence are lower here than in off-line traditional drug markets, but with the technological innovations follow new opportunities for stealing and fraud. The sites themselves fall prey to theft and hacking attempts, administrators abscond with users’ funds, and malicious sellers regularly cheat buyers. In this study, we explore the types of theft and fraud that occur on cryptomarkets using multiple data sources: formalized community resources (e.g., guides, tutorials), ethnographic observations of user forums, thematic identification of forum posts using unsupervised text classification, and an expert interview. We find system-based violent predatory resource exchange similar to robberies and process-based fraudulent resource exchange similar to rip-offs. We discuss these offenses conceptually as extensions of common drug-related crimes in the digital world. This contributes to the research on how cryptomarkets work and can improve crime-prevention efforts.

MONITORING OF LEGISLATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT IN RULE MAKING: EXPERIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Наталья Полящук ◽  
Natalya Polyashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Conceptual Content ◽  
Integral Component ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Executive Officers ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Enforcement Activity ◽  
Law Making

The article provides general characteristics of legal acts regulating the rule making process in the Republic of Belarus and reveals drawbacks that are subject to rectification as part of further improvement of rule-making. The author justifies the position that monitoring of legislation and law enforcement is an integral component of law making that permits to assess efficiency of legal and regulatory framework and optimize both rule making and law enforcement activity. Nevertheless, among the sources regulating certain stages of rule-making process in the Republic of Belarus, there are no regulatory legal acts that would envisage the necessity to carry out legal monitoring (monitoring of legislation and law enforcement) and set forth its procedure. At the same time the Republic of Belarus has enough potential to form an appropriate system to monitor legislation and law enforcement and enshrine it at the regulatory level. Taking these circumstances into account, the author outlines proposals relating to conceptual content (meaning) of regulatory legal acts on the basis of which the author intends to introduce the institute of legal monitoring into the practice of rule-making authorities (executive officers) in the Republic of Belarus.

United States Andean Drug Policy: Background And Issues For Decisionmakers

1992 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael F. Perl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
President Bush

In September 1989, President Bush outlined a comprehensive, multi-faceted drug control strategy with both national and international dimensions. The strategy focused on reducing both the demand and supply of illicit drugs. Treatment, prevention/education, research, law enforcement, and international efforts are major components of the strategy. An important goal of the strategy was to reduce the amount of illicit drugs illegally entering the United States by 15% within 2 years and by 60% within 10 years. The president refined the strategy and forwarded it to Congress on 25 January 1990 (US-ONDCP, 1990: 49-52, 120-121). The following year, in February 1991, policymakers modified goals to a 20% reduction by 1993 and a 65% reduction by the year 2001 (US-ONDCP, 1991: 15).

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