No Evidence for Long-Term Carryover Effects in a Wild Salmonid Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Birnie-Gauvin ◽  
Martin H. Larsen ◽  
Kathryn S. Peiman ◽  
Jonathan D. Midwood ◽  
Alexander D. M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonid Fish ◽  
Carryover Effects

Advertising Frequency Decisions in a Discrete Markov Process under a Budget Constraint

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. Bronnenberg
Keyword(s):  
Markov Process ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Advertising Budget ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Functional Forms ◽  
Short And Long Term

The author studies the optimality of advertising pulsing under the assumption that demand follows a discrete and interpretable Markov process and that the advertising budget is constrained. The author develops two main results. First, when pulsing is optimal, the prevalence of advertising effects on switching or repurchasing affects the length of the pulse (shorter versus longer, respectively), as well as the optimal level of advertising. Second, the author identifies the functional forms of the short- and long-term effects of advertising in the discrete Markov process and shows that pulsing can be optimal if the transition probabilities are concave in advertising. As an alternative to a pure Markov carryover (if any), the author considers that carryover effects of advertising also might be caused by accumulation of memory for the advertisement. Although general results are difficult to obtain, the author analyzes one case of the compound dynamics of the Markov process and memory effects for advertising with results similar to the pure Markov process. Similarities and differences with continuous-time models, as well as managerial implications, are discussed.

A Meta-Analysis of Marketing Communication Carryover Effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 990-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Köhler ◽  
Murali K. Mantrala ◽  
Sönke Albers ◽  
Vamsi K. Kanuri
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Personal Selling ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Targeted Advertising ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Empirical Generalizations

To optimally set marketing communication (“marcom”) budgets, reliable estimates of short-term elasticities and carryover effects are required. Empirical generalizations from meta-analyses of prior field studies can help guide these decisions. However, the last such meta-analysis of marcom carryover effects was performed on Koyck model–based estimates collected before 1984 and was confined to mass media advertising. The authors update and extend extant empirical generalizations via two meta-analyses of carryover estimates compiled from studies encompassing personal selling, targeted advertising, and mass media advertising, using diverse model forms, until 2015. The first is focused on and utilizes 918 estimates of the carryover proportion of the total effect, termed long-term share of the total effect, and the second focuses on 863 derivable estimates of 90% implied duration intervals. The authors find the mean long-term shares of the total effect for personal selling (.687) and targeted advertising (.650) are distinctly larger than that for mass media advertising (.523) and the corresponding median 90% implied duration intervals are 12.6, 2, and 3.4 months, respectively. The authors conclude by discussing differences by model type and the implications for marcom budget-setting and analyses.

A Compassionate Mind: Neurological Carryover Effects of Long-Term Meditation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Benjamin ◽  
Larry C. Stevens ◽  
Amanda Berman ◽  
Kristina Bell ◽  
Daniel Tebbe
Keyword(s):  
Carryover Effects

Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Acid, Aluminum, and Low Calcium on Adult Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). 1. Survival, Growth, Fecundity, and Progeny Survival

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1623-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Mount ◽  
C. G. Ingersoll ◽  
D. D. Gulley ◽  
J. D. Fernandez ◽  
T. W. LaPoint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
High Viability ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Survival And Growth

Adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to concentrations of acid, Al, and Ca representative of acidic and acid-sensitive surface waters. At low pH (4.42–5.03), survival and growth were reduced by elevated Al concentrations (486 μg/L) and low Ca concentrations (0.5 mg/L). Fecundity (number of eggs per female) was reduced by exposure to some treatment combinations, but this effect was mediated through reduced growth; number of eggs per unit body weight was not related to treatment. Viability of eggs from ail parental exposures was high when incubated in neutral water. In spite of this high viability, eggs from parents exposed to low Ca concentrations showed greater mortality when incubated in the parental exposure conditions than did eggs from unexposed parents. Although the potential for such "carryover effects" cannot be discounted, we conclude that impairment of egg production is not a likely mechanism for loss of brook trout populations from acidic surface waters.

scholarly journals Long-Term and Carryover Effects of Supplementation with Whole Oilseeds on Methane Emission, Milk Production and Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Grazing Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2978
Author(s):  
Camila Muñoz ◽  
Rodrigo Villalobos ◽  
Alejandra María Teresa Peralta ◽  
Rodrigo Morales ◽  
Natalie Louise Urrutia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Carryover Effects ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

Research is ongoing to find nutritional methane (CH4) mitigation strategies with persistent effects that can be applied to grazing ruminants. Lipid addition to dairy cow diets has shown potential as means to decrease CH4 emissions. This study evaluated the effects of oilseeds on CH4 emission and production performance of grazing lactating dairy cows. Sixty Holstein Friesian cows grazing pasture were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (n = 15): supplemented with concentrate without oilseeds (CON), with whole cottonseed (CTS), rapeseed (RPS) or linseed (LNS). Oilseeds were supplemented during weeks 1–16 (spring period) and 17–22 (summer period), and the autumn period (wk 23–27) was used to evaluate treatment carryover effects. Cows fed CTS decreased CH4 yield by 14% compared to CON in spring, but these effects did not persist after 19 weeks of supplementation (summer). Compared to CON, RPS decreased milk yield and CTS increased milk fat concentration in both spring and summer. In summer, CTS also increased milk protein concentration but decreased milk yield, compared to CON. In spring, compared to CON, CTS decreased most milk medium-chain fatty acids (FA; 8:0, 12:0, 14:0 and 15:0) and increased stearic, linoleic and rumenic FA, and LNS increased CLA FA. There were no carry-over effects into the autumn period. In conclusion, supplementation of grazing dairy cows with whole oilseeds resulted in mild effects on methane emissions and animal performance. In particular, supplementing with CTS can decrease CH4 yield without affecting milk production, albeit with a mild and transient CH4 decrease effect. Long term studies conducted under grazing conditions are important to provide a comprehensive overview of how proposed nutritional CH4 mitigation strategies affect productivity, sustainability and consumer health aspects.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
J. Tichá ◽  
M. Tichý ◽  
Z. Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Minor Planet ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document