scholarly journals Predator diversity and thermal niche complementarity attenuate indirect effects of warming on prey survival

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pepi ◽  
Marshall McMunn
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Predator Diversity

scholarly journals Predator diversity and thermal niche complementarity attenuate indirect effects of warming on prey survival

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Pepi ◽  
Marshall McMunn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
Survival Probability ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Niche Complementarity ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Predator Diversity ◽  
Sufficient Variation

AbstractClimate warming has broad-reaching effects on communities, and although much research has focused on direct abiotic effects, indirect effects of warming meditated through biotic interactions can be of equal or greater magnitude. A body of theoretical and empirical work has developed examining the effects of climate warming on predator-prey interactions, but most studies have focused on single predator and prey species. We develop a model with multiple predator species using simulated and measured predator thermal niches from a community of ants, to examine the influence of predator diversity and other aspects of community thermal niche on the indirect effects of climate warming on prey survival probability. We find that predator diversity attenuates the indirect effect of climate warming on prey survival probability, and that sufficient variation of predator thermal optima, closer prey and mean predator thermal optima, and higher predator niche complementarity increases the attenuation effect of predator diversity. We predict therefore that more diverse and complementary communities are likely more affected by direct versus indirect effects of climate warming, and vice versa for less diverse and complementary communities. If general, these predictions could lessen the difficulty of predicting the effects of climate warming on a focal species of interest.

scholarly journals Predator diversity, intraguild predation, and indirect effects drive parasite transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 3008-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Rohr ◽  
David J. Civitello ◽  
Patrick W. Crumrine ◽  
Neal T. Halstead ◽  
Andrew D. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Intraguild Predation ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Parasite Transmission ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Predator Diversity ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Per Capita

Humans are altering biodiversity globally and infectious diseases are on the rise; thus, there is interest in understanding how changes to biodiversity affect disease. Here, we explore how predator diversity shapes parasite transmission. In a mesocosm experiment that manipulated predator (larval dragonflies and damselflies) density and diversity, non-intraguild (non-IG) predators that only consume free-living cercariae (parasitic trematodes) reduced metacercarial infections in tadpoles, whereas intraguild (IG) predators that consume both parasites and tadpole hosts did not. This likely occurred because IG predators reduced tadpole densities and anticercarial behaviors, increasing per capita exposure rates of the surviving tadpoles (i.e., via density- and trait-mediated effects) despite the consumption of parasites. A mathematical model demonstrated that non-IG predators reduce macroparasite infections, but IG predation weakens this “dilution effect” and can even amplify parasite burdens. Consistent with the experiment and model, a wetland survey revealed that the diversity of IG predators was unrelated to metacercarial burdens in amphibians, but the diversity of non-IG predators was negatively correlated with infections. These results are strikingly similar to generalities that have emerged from the predator diversity–pest biocontrol literature, suggesting that there may be general mechanisms for pest control and that biocontrol research might inform disease management and vice versa. In summary, we identified a general trait of predators—where they fall on an IG predation continuum—that predicts their ability to reduce infections and possibly pests in general. Consequently, managing assemblages of predators represents an underused tool for the management of human and wildlife diseases and pest populations.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

Interpersonal Stress and Poor Health

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette M. Aanes ◽  
Maurice B. Mittelmark ◽  
Jørn Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Total Effect ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigated whether the lack of social connectedness, as measured by the subjective feeling of loneliness, mediates the well-known relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. Furthermore, a relationship between interpersonal stress and somatic symptoms was hypothesized. The study sample included 3,268 women and 3,220 men in Western Norway. The main findings were that interpersonal stress was significantly related to psychological distress as well as to somatic symptoms, both directly and indirectly via paths mediated by loneliness. The size of the indirect effects varied, suggesting that the importance of loneliness as a possible mediator differs for depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and somatic symptoms. In the case of depressive symptoms, more than 75% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness, while in the case of somatic symptoms just over 40% of the total effect was mediated through loneliness. This study supports the hypotheses that social connectedness mediates a relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress. The study also provides the first link between interpersonal stress, as measured by the Bergen Social Relationships Scale, and somatic symptoms, extending earlier research on the relationship between interpersonal stress and psychological distress.

BDNF Val⁶⁶Met polymorphism to generalized anxiety disorder pathways: Indirect effects via attenuated parasympathetic stress-relaxation reactivity.

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Wen-Hui Fang ◽  
Yia-Ping Liu ◽  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Jia-Fwu Shyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Generalized Anxiety
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document