scholarly journals Alternative states in plant communities driven by a life-history tradeoff and demographic stochasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niv DeMalach ◽  
Nadav Shnerb ◽  
Tadashi Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Alternative States ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Life History Tradeoff

scholarly journals The Fluctuation Niche in Plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Terradas ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
Francisco Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Mediterranean Plant ◽  
Species Performance ◽  
Constant Gradient ◽  
Present Characteristic

Classical approaches to niche in coexisting plants have undervalued temporal fluctuations. We propose that fluctuation niche is an important dimension of the total niche and interacts with habitat and life-history niches to provide a better understanding of the multidimensional niche space where ecological interactions occur. To scale a fluctuation niche, it is necessary to relate environmental constrictions or species performance not only to the absolute values of the usual environmental and ecophysiological variables but also to their variances or other measures of variability. We use Mediterranean plant communities as examples, because they present characteristic large seasonal and interannual fluctuations in water and nutrient availabilities, along an episodic-constant gradient, and because the plant responses include a number of syndromes coupled to this gradient.

scholarly journals Life‐History Variation Predicts the Effects of Demographic Stochasticity on Avian Population Dynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 164 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt‐Erik Sæther ◽  
Steinar Engen ◽  
Anders Pape Møller ◽  
Henri Weimerskirch ◽  
Marcel E. Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity

scholarly journals Montane Meadow Butterfly Species Distributions in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Jennet Caruthers ◽  
Diane Debinski
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Species Distributions ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Greater Yellowstone ◽  
Butterfly Communities ◽  
Montane Meadow

The composition of butterfly communities is a good indicator of changing environmental conditions. Butterflies have tight associations with the plant community due to their dependence on plants throughout their life history. These associations make butterfly distributions predictable based on the plant communities. Butterfly abundance data have been collected annually since 1997 within montane meadow sites characterized along a hydrologic gradient within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. From this research, community composition may be predictable relative to future climatic changes and key habitat constraints. Identifying such variables is important for butterfly conservation.

scholarly journals Pathogen evolution: slow and steady spreads the best

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd L. Parsons ◽  
Amaury Lambert ◽  
Troy Day ◽  
Sylvain Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Finite Population ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
History Evolution

AbstractThe theory of life history evolution provides a powerful framework to understand the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens in both epidemic and endemic situations. This framework, however, relies on the assumption that pathogen populations are very large and that one can neglect the effects of demographic stochasticity. Here we expand the theory of life history evolution to account for the effects of finite population size on the evolution of pathogen virulence. We show that demographic stochasticity introduces additional evolutionary forces that can qualitatively affect the dynamics and the evolutionary outcome. We discuss the importance of the shape of pathogen fitness landscape and host heterogeneity on the balance between mutation, selection and genetic drift. In particular, we discuss scenarios where finite population size can dramatically affect classical predictions of deterministic models. This analysis reconciles Adaptive Dynamics with population genetics in finite populations and thus provides a new theoretical toolbox to study life-history evolution in realistic ecological scenarios.

scholarly journals Pathogen evolution in finite populations: slow and steady spreads the best

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (147) ◽  
pp. 20180135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd L. Parsons ◽  
Amaury Lambert ◽  
Troy Day ◽  
Sylvain Gandon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Fitness Landscape ◽  
Adaptive Dynamics ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Finite Populations ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Pathogen Fitness ◽  
History Evolution

The theory of life-history evolution provides a powerful framework to understand the evolutionary dynamics of pathogens. It assumes, however, that host populations are large and that one can neglect the effects of demographic stochasticity. Here, we expand the theory to account for the effects of finite population size on the evolution of pathogen virulence. We show that demographic stochasticity introduces additional evolutionary forces that can qualitatively affect the dynamics and the evolutionary outcome. We discuss the importance of the shape of the pathogen fitness landscape on the balance between mutation, selection and genetic drift. This analysis reconciles Adaptive Dynamics with population genetics in finite populations and provides a new theoretical toolbox to study life-history evolution in realistic ecological scenarios.

Resprouting as a life history strategy in woody plant communities

Oikos ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Bellingham ◽  
Ashley D. Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Life History Strategy

scholarly journals Tropical rainforest fragmentation affects plant species richness, composition and abundance depending on plant-size class and life history

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Armando Aguirre-Jaimes ◽  
Juan Carlos López-Acosta ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Continuous Forest

Background: Tropical rain forests have been impacted by land use change, leading to major deforestation and fragmentation. Understanding how fragmentation impacts plant communities is central for tropical conservation. Questions: i) How does species richness vary across a range of fragment sizes, and does it vary with plant size-structure? ii) how are species composition and floristic similarity affected by forest fragmentation? iii) does habitat fragmentation affect the representation of species with different life-history and regeneration patterns? Studied species: We sampled overall plant communities and calculated diversity metrics of mature-forest and light-demanding species, considering plants of different size-categories (defined by diameter at breast height, DBH). Study site: This study was carried out at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. An area originally dominated extensive evergreen tropical forest, but currently highly fragmented Methods: We sampled plants in five forest fragments representing (2 - 36 ha), and a large patch of continuous forest (700 ha). Within each site we established ten-50 × 2 m transects and registered all woody plants with DBH > 1 cm. Results: Species richness declined as fragment size became smaller. Such decline was significant considering all plants (DBH > 1.0 cm) but became non-significant as plant size-category increased (DBH > 2.5, or > 10 cm.). Small fragments had distinguishable assemblages compared to continuous forest and also a reduction in the representation of mature-forest species compared to light-demanding species. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that fragmentation affects tropical plant species diversity, but the effect is differential, depending on plant size-category and life history.

scholarly journals An FXPRLamide Neuropeptide Induces Seasonal Reproductive Polyphenism Underlying a Life-History Tradeoff in the Tussock Moth

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e24213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Uehara ◽  
Yukiko Senoh ◽  
Kyohei Yoneda ◽  
Yoshiomi Kato ◽  
Kunihiro Shiomi
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Tussock Moth ◽  
Life History Tradeoff
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