scholarly journals Accelerated brain shape evolution is associated with rapid diversification in an avian radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Eliason ◽  
Jenna M McCullough ◽  
Michael J Andersen ◽  
Shannon J Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Brain Shape

scholarly journals Variation in the strength of allometry drives rates of evolution in primate brain shape

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1930) ◽  
pp. 20200807 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Sansalone ◽  
K. Allen ◽  
J. A. Ledogar ◽  
S. Ledogar ◽  
D. R. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Allometry ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Shape

Large brains are a defining feature of primates, as is a clear allometric trend between body mass and brain size. However, important questions on the macroevolution of brain shape in primates remain unanswered. Here we address two: (i), does the relationship between the brain size and its shape follow allometric trends and (ii), is this relationship consistent over evolutionary time? We employ three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to answer these questions, based on a large sample representing 151 species and most primate families. We found two distinct trends regarding the relationship between brain shape and brain size. Hominoidea and Cercopithecinae showed significant evolutionary allometry, whereas no allometric trends were discernible for Strepsirrhini, Colobinae or Platyrrhini. Furthermore, we found that in the taxa characterized by significant allometry, brain shape evolution accelerated, whereas for taxa in which such allometry was absent, the evolution of brain shape decelerated. We conclude that although primates in general are typically described as large-brained, strong allometric effects on brain shape are largely confined to the order's representatives that display more complex behavioural repertoires.

Modular, Stereocontrolled Cβ–H/Cα–C Activation of Alkyl Carboxylic Acids

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Shang ◽  
Karla S. Feu ◽  
Julien C. Vantourout ◽  
Lisa M. Barton ◽  
Heather L. Osswald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Centers ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Rapid Diversification ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
Compound Series

<div> <div> <div> <p>The union of two powerful transformations, directed C–H activation and decarboxylative cross-coupling, for the enantioselective synthesis of vicinally functionalized alkyl, carbocyclic, and heterocyclic compounds is described. Starting from simple carboxylic acid building blocks, this modular sequence exploits the residual directing group to access more than 50 scaffolds that would be otherwise extremely difficult to prepare. The tactical use of these two transformations accomplishes a formal vicinal difunctionalization of carbon centers in a way that is modular and thus amenable to rapid diversity incorporation. A simplification of routes to known preclinical drug candidates is presented along with the rapid diversification of an antimalarial compound series. </p> </div> </div> </div>

3D SHAPE EVOLUTION IN GRASS SILICA SHORT CELL PHYTOLITHS: TAXONOMIC PATTERNS IN BAMBUSOIDEAE AND OTHER LINEAGES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashly Senske ◽  
◽  
Claire Marvet ◽  
Sultan Akbar ◽  
Silishia Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Short Cell ◽  
3D Shape ◽  
Taxonomic Patterns

Shape Evolution and Growth Mechanisms of 3D-printed Nanowires

2021 ◽  
pp. 102076
Author(s):  
Robert Winkler ◽  
Jason D. Fowlkes ◽  
Philip D. Rack ◽  
Gerald Kothleitner ◽  
Harald Plank
Keyword(s):  
Shape Evolution ◽  
Growth Mechanisms ◽  
3D Printed

scholarly journals Shared heritability of human face and brain shape

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahin Naqvi ◽  
Yoeri Sleyp ◽  
Hanne Hoskens ◽  
Karlijne Indencleef ◽  
Jeffrey P. Spence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Face ◽  
Brain Shape

Shape Evolution of Octahedral and Triangular Platelike Silver Nanocrystals from Cubic and Right Bipyramidal Seeds in DMF

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4700-4705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Tsuji ◽  
Yoshinori Maeda ◽  
Sachie Hikino ◽  
Hisayo Kumagae ◽  
Mika Matsunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Evolution
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