It’s Time to Degree! The Impact of Reducing Barriers to Entry into Professions on Late Graduation: The Case of Pharmacists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Ordine ◽  
Giuseppe Rose ◽  
Mattia Fasano
Keyword(s):  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Time To Degree ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Increasing the Size of the Pie: The Impact of Crowding on Nonprofit Sector Resources

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynn Beaton ◽  
Hyunseok Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Human Services Organizations ◽  
Nonprofit Competition ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe number of nonprofit organizations is rapidly increasing, which has led nonprofit practitioners to complain of funding scarcity, nonprofit scholars to closely study nonprofit competition, and policymakers to consider increasing nonprofit barriers to entry. Underlying each of these perspectives is an assumption of limited financial resources. We empirically examine this assumption using county-level panel data on nonprofit human services organizations from the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Contrary to the limited resources assumption, our fixed-effects models show that increasing nonprofit density, at its current levels, has the effect of increasing sector financial resources in each county. We suggest that these findings prompt a tradeoff for policymakers. A sector with free market entry results in a nonprofit sector with more, smaller nonprofits, but such a sector may have the capacity to serve more people because it has more total sector financial resources. Conversely, a sector with higher barriers to entry would translate to a sector with fewer, larger nonprofits with less overall capacity due to fewer sector financial resources.

scholarly journals Provider Diversity in the English NHS: A Study of Recent Developments in Four Local Health Economies

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Allen ◽  
Simon Turner ◽  
Will Bartlett ◽  
Virginie Perotin ◽  
Greenwell Matchaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Pathways ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To assess the impact of provider diversity on quality and innovation in the English NHS by mapping the extent of diverse provider activity and identifying the differences in performance between Third Sector Organisations (TSOs), for-profit private enterprises, and incumbent organizations within the NHS, and the factors that affect the entry and growth of new providers. Methods Case studies of four local health economies. Data included: semi-structured interviews with 48 managerial and clinical staff from NHS organizations and providers from the private and third sector; some documentary evidence; a focus group with service users; and routine data from the Care Quality Commission and Companies House. Data collection was mainly between November 2008 and November 2009. Results Involvement of diverse providers in the NHS is limited. Commissioners' local strategies influence degrees of diversity. Barriers to entry for TSOs include lack of economies of scale in the bidding process. Private providers have greater concern to improve patient pathways and patient experience, whereas TSOs deliver quality improvements by using a more holistic approach and a greater degree of community involvement. Entry of new providers drives NHS trusts to respond by making improvements. Information sharing diminishes as competition intensifies. Conclusions There is scope to increase the participation of diverse providers in the NHS but care must be taken not to damage public accountability, overall productivity, equity and NHS providers (especially acute hospitals, which are likely to remain in the NHS) in the process.

scholarly journals What’s in a Prerequisite? A Mixed-Methods Approach to Identifying the Impact of a Prerequisite Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. ar16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Sato ◽  
Amanda K. Lee ◽  
Usman Alam ◽  
Jennifer V. Dang ◽  
Samantha J. Dacanay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Course Performance ◽  
Time To Degree ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Mathematics Curricula ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Undergraduate Science ◽  
The Impact

Despite the ubiquity of prerequisites in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curricula, there has been minimal effort to assess their value in a data-driven manner. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, we examined the impact of prerequisites in the context of a microbiology lecture and lab course pairing. Through interviews and an online survey, students highlighted a number of positive attributes of prerequisites, including their role in knowledge acquisition, along with negative impacts, such as perhaps needlessly increasing time to degree and adding to the cost of education. We also identified a number of reasons why individuals do or do not enroll in prerequisite courses, many of which were not related to student learning. In our particular curriculum, students did not believe the microbiology lecture course impacted success in the lab, which agrees with our analysis of lab course performance using a previously established “familiarity” scale. These conclusions highlight the importance of soliciting and analyzing student feedback, and triangulating these data with quantitative performance metrics to assess the state of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curricula.

scholarly journals The Impact of Labor Demand on Time to the Doctorate

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Groen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Time To Degree ◽  
Cyclical Variation ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The goal of this paper is to estimate the impact of labor demand on time to the doctorate. Empirical investigation of this relationship in previous research was hampered by the difficulty of measuring labor demand. I construct a measure of labor demand in seven fields in the humanities and social sciences based on the annual number of job listings from 1975 to 2005. My empirical strategy relates variation over time in the number of job listings within a field to the timing of completion using student-level data on all doctorates awarded in these fields by U.S. universities. Estimates indicate that the number of job listings is not correlated with expected time to degree. This finding implies that cyclical variation in labor demand is not responsible for changes in time to degree within fields.

scholarly journals RISKS OF LACK OF TRADITIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (ON UNESCO MATERIALS)

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Vitaliia Harapko ◽  
Marianna Bedevelska
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
The Impact

Although the World Scientific Society of Educators does not yet have sufficient evidence to measure the impact of school attendance on the risk of disease transmission, the harmful effects of a full transition to distance education are indisputable and affect the safety, well-being and education of children / students. and documents of many states. The purpose of the article is to determine the risks of the absence of a traditional educational process in educational institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic using the materials of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The study was based on the following theoretical methods: analytical and descriptive methods of developing theoretical and critical sources and resources related to the implementation of the educational process, in order to determine the risks associated with providing distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. Analysis of contextual benefits and risks allows to determine the priority of educational institutions (or their components) to resume their work; priority of measures to reduce the risk of infection in educational institutions and communities; and focus areas for distance learning. Direct funding for education institutions most affected by the crisis, for example through formula-based funding, which gives priority to the most marginalized groups of pupils / students. From the point of view of mechanisms, scholarships for certain blocks and remittances (conditional or unconditional) to pupils / students should be considered. Tuition and other costs (school uniforms, etc.) should be waived where possible and other barriers to entry should be removed to maximize re-enrollment. We see prospects for further research in the analysis of ensuring the availability of educational materials / platforms, information, services and learning tools for people with disabilities in the process of obtaining education.

Black South African women in construction: cues for success

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane English ◽  
Paula Hay
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the findings of interviews based on a questionnaire and a focus group discussion (conducted in 2011) with three Black women employees who were part of a 2006 study, which canvassed 176 employees and employers, in which carpentry was found to be considered the most accessible and appropriate skills area for women, and chronicles their development and assessment of current employment for women in construction. Design/methodology/approach – The focus group was made up of the women from the 2006 study still in the same employment or better positions in the same company Neil Muller Construction (NMC) after five years. Women from NMC, in particular, were selected because the company has been considered a best practice example and therefore would provide an interesting context in terms of the issues around retention of women and potentially a model for the industry. Foci are female representation, barriers, conditions, skills acquisition and employers’ attitudes to family responsibilities. In particular, measures to support women and the impact of role models and mentoring programmes are discussed. Findings – The results of the 2011 focus group study show that positive measures for women to work in construction are developing, both through legislation (e.g. the Construction Charter) and company efforts such as those of NMC. Both the 2006 and 2011 studies highlighted that female attributes such as being peacekeepers on site were considered favourable, indicating a positive shift in attitude regarding women working in construction. Research limitations/implications – There has been and remains a paucity of research into and literature on the topic of women in the construction industry, particularly working at the skills level. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for employers wanting to increase employment and retention of women on site by providing a best practice example. Social implications – Increased employment of women is a statuary requirement of South African employment law. Women are, on average, the lowest wage earners. Originality/value – The paper reviews challenges for women in construction and ways these can be circumvented through interaction between industry and companies. The challenges are entry and retention because of the practices and attitudes typical in a male-dominated work environment. As a follow-up to previous research of 2006 into barriers to entry for women, this paper adds value by considering retention and a best practice example. As women’s lack of knowledge of the sector is also a barrier, this paper contributes to building knowledge. Further research should determine developing trends in terms of women’s representation in the construction industry.

Institutional barriers to productive public-sector entrepreneurship

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Strow ◽  
Claudia Strow
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Sector Entrepreneurship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship and explore the impact of those barriers on population shifts within the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper lays out five specific barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship: barriers to entry and exit for consumers and producers, increased centralization and concentration in government, the lack of residual claim amongst public-sector actors, the rise of public-sector union membership and increasingly uncompetitive elections. The paper then assesses the impact of each of these barriers on population and production changes within the USA from 2010 to 2017. Findings Those state governments with limited barriers for productive public-sector entrepreneurship are rewarded with faster growing populations. Specifically, states with higher incomes, less centralized spending, lower public-sector unionization rates and higher state credit ratings tend to experience the greatest levels of population growth. States with less centralized spending also experience the largest increases in gross state product per capita. Practical implications This paper offers practical applications for policy makers wishing to increase their tax bases, increase the standard of living for their constituents or increase the efficiency in production and distribution of government goods and services. In particular, this paper offers evidence that an improved credit rating carries the most economic significance for population gains. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to examine Tiebout effects from barriers to public-sector entrepreneurship in the USA. Researchers in fields including political science, economics, management and public policy have all contributed to our understanding of public entrepreneurship. And yet, there are still numerous barriers preventing productive public-sector entrepreneurship from occurring at an optimal level.

scholarly journals PURCHASING STRATEGIES IN THE KRALJIC PORTFOLIO MATRIX – A CASE STUDY IN OPEN PIT COAL MINING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Alim Perdana ◽  
Nur Budi Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Kraljic matrix (or Kraljic model) is a method used to segment the purchases or suppliers of a company by dividing them into four quadrants, based on the complexity (or risk) of the supply market (such as monopoly situations, barriers to entry, technological innovation) and the importance of the purchases or suppliers (determined by the impact that they have on the profitability of the company). This quandrant allows the company to define the optimal purchasing strategies for each of the four types of purchases or suppliers. In coal mining company, hundred thousand goods, part number or SKUs are purchased by corporate in fulfilling its mining operations requirement. However, the commodities generally purchased by open pit coal mining company are classified into 6 (six) classes which are fuel, maintenance of mobile equipment, blasting material, tyre, lubricants, and others. With the complexity of dealing with suppliers, it is mandatory for developing purchasing strategies as part of managing of supply chain. Mining operations and profitability of coal mining company shall depend on the total cost of ownership in purchasing the abovementioned commodities. This Kraljic Portfolio Model (1983) will assist coal mining company in applying purchasing strategies based on the class or quadrant which has been developed. Objective of this research is to develop purchasing strategies by empirically quantifying using data from a comprehensive survey among purchasing professionals in coal mining industry. Kraljic Portfolio Matrix is developed with 2 (two) stages of questioner. First questioner is to assess the importance level of each attribute in the dimension of purchasing activity by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Second questioner is to assess every commodity’s scoring against each supply attribute. Subsequently, the matrix is developed by using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software. This research successfully classifies purchasing commodity in the appropriate quadrant of Kraljic Portfolio Matrix. By classifying the commodities purchased by coal mining company in the right quadrant of Kraljic Portfolio Matrix, the company will be able to implement the right purchasing strategies which will be different in one quadrant and another.

scholarly journals Modern Problems and Prospects for the Development of the Insurance Market in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Elena Gushchina ◽  
Valeria Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The role of insurance in a person’s life is undoubtedly great because it serves as the most effective tool in case of loss of property, health problems, business protection, etc. The purpose of the article is to assess the current state of the insurance market in Russia and identify problems that arise during its functioning. The research methodology consists in summarizing and comparing data characterizing various components of the insurance market. The article analyzes the current state of the insurance market in Russia with a falling number of insurers by more than 20 % over the past 3 years, the share of top insurers continues to grow every year, over the past 3 years the growth has amounted to 12 %. Calculations that indicate a change in the level of concentration in the insurance market of the Russian Federation have been made. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that there is monopolistic competition in the market. The main factors influencing the level of competition in the market under consideration, namely, barriers to entry into the industry and their impact, were studied Due to the relevance of the research, the analysis of the impact the pandemic has on the Russian insurance market was carried out and the prospects for the development of the market were considered. Identifying the weaknesses of insurers made it possible to determine the priority areas for further development: intensive digital transformation of business, marketing, advertising.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document